A novel physical model demonstrating critical zone structure and flow processes in headwaters for teaching and research purposes

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuhui Shen ◽  
Jintao Liu ◽  
Wanjie Wang ◽  
Xiaole Han ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Critical Zone ◽  
Zone Structure ◽  
Teaching And Research ◽  
Flow Processes

scholarly journals A physical model demonstrating critical zone structure and flow processes in headwaters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuhui Shen ◽  
Jintao Liu ◽  
Wanjie Wang ◽  
Xiaole Han ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Critical Zone ◽  
Zone Structure ◽  
Flow Processes

scholarly journals A physical model demonstrating critical zone structure and flow processes in headwaters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuhui Shen ◽  
Jintao Liu ◽  
Wanjie Wang ◽  
Xiaole Han ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Complex Terrain ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Critical Zone ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Zone Structure ◽  
Experimental Teaching ◽  
Research And Education

<p>Equipped with complex terrain structure, physical models provide an alternative way in understanding and modeling how critical zone shapes hydrologic processes in headwaters for research and education in hydrology. However, this type of physical models is limited by frustrating rain-erosion or gully-erosion. Herein, in order to replace the real-world backfilling soil, we drew on the experience of normal concrete workmanship and adjusted the raw material’s proportion for three times. And it is found that saturated hydraulic conductivity (SHC) and field moisture capacity (FMC) are both well correlated with bulk density (BD) for the developed materials in three cases. Thereby, based on the strongest correlation (R<sup>2</sup>=0.75) between SHC and BD, two-layer alternative soil has been designed through altering BD in the physical model with complex terrain. The SHC values of alternative soil are close to that of the natural soil while the FMC values are far lower. Additionally, the non-uniform scaling of bedrock terrain was applied for the convenience of teaching and construction by zooming out a steep 0.31-ha zero-order basin 130 times horizontally and 30 times vertically. And multiple observation items, including free water level, temperature and humidity of soil, as well as outflow could provide potential opportunity to explore the role of single or combined critical zone’s element in modulating streamflow. We’d like to share this effective tool to facilitate the development of critical zone science and enrich experimental teaching methods.</p>

SIGNATURES OF SOIL CARBON IN DEEP CRITICAL ZONE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Druhan ◽  
◽  
Jia J. Wang ◽  
Alison K. Tune ◽  
Corey Lawrence ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Critical Zone ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Zone Structure ◽  
And Function

An open system framework for integrating critical zone structure and function

2010 ◽  
Vol 102 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 15-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Rasmussen ◽  
Peter A. Troch ◽  
Jon Chorover ◽  
Paul Brooks ◽  
Jon Pelletier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open System ◽  
Critical Zone ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
System Framework ◽  
Zone Structure ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals PHYSICAL MODEL TESTS ON WAVE OVERTOPPING AND FLOW PROCESSES ON DIKE CRESTS INFLUENCED BY WAVE-CURRENT INTERACTION

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (33) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Lorke ◽  
Babette Scheres ◽  
Holger Schüttrumpf ◽  
Antje Bornschein ◽  
Reinhard Pohl
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Longshore Current ◽  
Wind Fields ◽  
Incoming Wave ◽  
Wave Overtopping ◽  
Improve Design ◽  
Physical Model Tests ◽  
Flow Processes ◽  
Run Up

Flow processes like flow depths and flow velocities give important information about erosion and infiltration processes, which can lead to an unstable dike structure and consequently to dike failure. Up to now several physical model tests on wave run-up and wave overtopping are available to adjust and improve design formula for different dike structures. This kind of physical model tests have been performed in the here presented project FlowDike. Its main purpose is to consider two new aspects that could influence the assessment of wave run-up and wave overtopping as well as the flow processes on dikes which have not been investigated yet: longshore current and wind. Especially in estuaries and along coasts, the effect of tidal and storm induced currents combined with local wind fields can influence the incoming wave parameters at the dike toe as well as the wave run-up height, the wave overtopping rate and the flow processes on dikes. This paper will focus on these flow processes on dike slopes and dike crests on an 1:6 sloped dike influenced by oblique wave attack and longshore current.

scholarly journals Critical Zone Structure Under a Granite Ridge Inferred From Drilling and Three-Dimensional Seismic Refraction Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 1317-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brady A. Flinchum ◽  
W. Steven Holbrook ◽  
Daniella Rempe ◽  
Seulgi Moon ◽  
Clifford S. Riebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Refraction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Critical Zone ◽  
Zone Structure ◽  
Seismic Refraction Data ◽  
Refraction Data

THE INFLUENCE OF CRITICAL ZONE STRUCTURE ON ITS HYDROLOGIC FUNCTION: INSIGHTS INTO THE STORAGE AND ROUTING OF WATER THROUGH THE CRITICAL ZONE

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alissa White ◽  
◽  
Bryan G. Moravec ◽  
Yaniv Olshansky ◽  
Andres Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Zone ◽  
Zone Structure

RESOLVING CRITICAL ZONE STRUCTURE AND WEATHERING PROFILES ACROSS A GEOLOGICALLY COMPLEX SUB-ALPINE WATERSHED

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan G. Moravec ◽  
◽  
Alissa White ◽  
Robert A. Root ◽  
Bradley J. Carr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Zone ◽  
Zone Structure ◽  
Alpine Watershed

scholarly journals Controls on solute concentration‐discharge relationships revealed by simultaneous hydrochemistry observations of hillslope runoff and stream flow: The importance of critical zone structure

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 1424-1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyojin Kim ◽  
William E. Dietrich ◽  
Benjamin M. Thurnhoffer ◽  
Jim K. B. Bishop ◽  
Inez Y. Fung
Keyword(s):  
Stream Flow ◽  
Solute Concentration ◽  
Critical Zone ◽  
Zone Structure

scholarly journals Critical zone structure controls concentration-discharge relationships and solute generation in forested tropical montane watersheds

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 6279-6295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam S. Wymore ◽  
Richard L. Brereton ◽  
Daniel E. Ibarra ◽  
Kate Maher ◽  
William H. McDowell
Keyword(s):  
Critical Zone ◽  
Zone Structure
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