VISCOMETRY OF NANODISPERSE MAGNETIC LIQUIDS AND LUBRICATING OILS. 2. METROLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF A DEVICE FOR RHEOLOGICAL STUDIES OF MAGNETIC NANODISPERSE LIQUID MEDIA

Проведен анализ основных источников методических погрешностей магнитного ротационного вискозиметра, позволивший усовершенствовать конструкцию и исключить критические режимы исследований. Теоретическая оценка систематической погрешности прибора показала, что значение относительной ошибки измерений можно довести до значения менее 1%. Наибольший вклад в систематическую погрешность прибора вносит нестабильность температурного режима исследуемой наножидкости и неточность определения высоты слоя жидкости, контактирующего с измерительным цилиндром. Измерение вязкости эталонных жидкостей на магнитном вискозиметре показало, что экспериментальные значения незначительно, примерно на 0,9% завышены. Тарировка прибора на различных эталонных жидкостях позволила снизить суммарную ошибку измерений до десятых долей процента. Магнитный ротационный вискозиметр может найти применение при нестандартных научных исследованиях структуры и реологических характеристик наножидкостей, для оперативного контроля процессов синтеза магнитных жидкостей и аттестации магнитных наножидкостей, предназначенных для технического применения. An analysis is carried out of the main sources of methodological errors of the magnetic rotary viscometer. The analysis allowed to improve design and to eliminate critical modes of the research. Theoretical evaluations of the systematic error of the device showed that the value of the relative measurement error can be brought to a value of less than 1%. The greatest contribution to the systematic error of the device is made by the instability of the temperature regime of the nanofluid under study and by the inaccuracy of determining the height of the liquid layer in contact with the measuring cylinder. The measurement of the viscosity of the reference liquids on the magnetic viscometer showed that experimental values are slightly, by about 0.9% overestimated. Calibration of the device on various reference liquids allowed reducing the total measurement error down to tenths of a percent. The magnetic rotary viscometer can be used in non-standard scientific studies of the structure and rheological characteristics of nanofluids, for operational control of the processes of synthesis of magnetic liquids and certification of magnetic nanofluids intended for technical use.

FEATURES FORMATION ZONE OF WAVES AND BURSTS ON THE SURFACE LADLE BATH

The results studies influence physicochemical properties and thickness cover slag, formed during ladle desulfurization pig iron by blowing a mixture of lime and magnesium, features formation a breaker on the surface bath and the level of metal losses with emissions outside ladle from this zone are presented. The necessity creating conditions for ensuring height breaker, which would not exceed thickness slag layer on the surface bath, has been substantiated. Using results of the high-temperature simulation blowing the cast iron melt with a neutral gas supplied through the nozzles tips stationary and rotating submersible lances, features development of counter waves and metal splashes in the absence and during formation slag cover with thickness of 30—80 mm on the surface bath are determined. The features change in the height and area breakers are determined depending on the gas flow rate for blowing bath and thickness slag. Based on the analysis results low-temperature modeling bath blowing, scientific ideas about the combined effect of the bath blowing intensity, speed of rotation submerged lance and thickness slag layer on the diameter bubbling zone, gas saturation of the bath and features wave formation on its surface in the slag-free zone were further developed (so-called «eye»). The nature relationship between length of the gas jet from lance nozzle, diameter «eye», and geometric parameters breaker has been established. It is shown that dependence profile breaker on speed of rotation lance and thickness slag layer is nonlinear. So, blowing bath through tip of a rotating lance with one nozzle at 240 rpm. with a gas flow rate of 2.2 l/min. creates conditions for raising top breaker to a height that is 33 % higher than the current thickness slag layer and contributes to the intensification formation of waves and bursts on the surface bath. With a decrease in the gas flow rate to 1.0 l/min., Under other unchanged conditions, height breaker is already 2/3 of the height slag layer, and as thickness slag decreases proportionally decreases. The smallest, recorded in the experiments, relative height breaker was 33.3% of the slag thickness at a lance rotation speed in the range of 90—120 rpm. Mathematical models are proposed that are suitable for calculating height breakers depending on the thickness slag layer, speed of rotation lance and intensity of gas injection into the bath. Taking into account established mutually opposite effect thickness of the cover slag layer and speed of rotation submerged lance on the «eye» area and height of the breaker, it is advisable to continue search for ways to improve design tip submerged lance and slag mode of ladle desulfurization.

Play for Change: Primary School for Children with Impairments

<p>Within the architecture of education, there is a lack of attention to the needs of children with disability. Globally, one in every ten children have a disability and there are approximately 90,000 aged 0-14 children living in households who have at least one disability in New Zealand. The cohort is one of the most marginalised and excluded group from the society, resulting in an inability to participate in classes leading to fewer opportunities to develop skills, experience and confidence. School designs are designed for children without disability, and many children with disabilities find that classrooms and outdoor environments are ill-suited for their health needs, resulting in low attendance rates, poor peer engagement and limited educational success. This thesis explores the role of architecture in facilitating the education of children with disabilities. Working from research-led design through to design-led research, it examines architecture as an educational tool. Examining classroom spaces, outdoor play and outdoor learning environment for children with disabilities, it questions the purpose of education. In addition, the research aims to desensitise the perceived architectural barriers within primary school that restricts participation for children with disabilities. The architectural design knowledge aims to improve design approaches for inclusivity in school, pedagogy and outdoor play environments. By addressing this issue, it could potentially create more positive and optimistic views and from the wider community, greater disability awareness.</p>

Play for Change: Primary School for Children with Impairments

<p>Within the architecture of education, there is a lack of attention to the needs of children with disability. Globally, one in every ten children have a disability and there are approximately 90,000 aged 0-14 children living in households who have at least one disability in New Zealand. The cohort is one of the most marginalised and excluded group from the society, resulting in an inability to participate in classes leading to fewer opportunities to develop skills, experience and confidence. School designs are designed for children without disability, and many children with disabilities find that classrooms and outdoor environments are ill-suited for their health needs, resulting in low attendance rates, poor peer engagement and limited educational success. This thesis explores the role of architecture in facilitating the education of children with disabilities. Working from research-led design through to design-led research, it examines architecture as an educational tool. Examining classroom spaces, outdoor play and outdoor learning environment for children with disabilities, it questions the purpose of education. In addition, the research aims to desensitise the perceived architectural barriers within primary school that restricts participation for children with disabilities. The architectural design knowledge aims to improve design approaches for inclusivity in school, pedagogy and outdoor play environments. By addressing this issue, it could potentially create more positive and optimistic views and from the wider community, greater disability awareness.</p>

A learning based approach for designing extended unit cell metagratings

The possibility of arbitrary spatial control of incident wavefronts with the subwavelength resolution has driven research into dielectric optical metasurfaces in the last decade. The unit-cell based metasurface design approach that relies on a library of single element responses is known to result in reduced efficiency attributed to the inadequate accounting of the coupling effects between meta-atoms. Metasurfaces with extended unit-cells containing multiple resonators can improve design outcomes but their design requires extensive numerical computing and optimizations. We report a deep learning based design methodology for the inverse design of extended unit-cell metagratings. In contrast to previous reports, our approach learns the metagrating spectral response across its reflected and transmitted orders. Through systematic exploration, we discover network architectures and training dataset sampling strategies that allow such learning without requiring extensive ground-truth generation. The one-time investment of model creation can then be used to significantly accelerate numerical optimization of multiple functionalities as demonstrated by considering the inverse design of various spectral and polarization dependent splitters and filters. The proposed methodology is not limited to these proof-of-concept demonstrations and can be broadly applied to meta-atom-based nanophotonic system design and in realising the next generation of metasurface functionalities with improved performance.

The ECC Methodology for Architecture Design Theory and Practices Research

This study proposes the ECC methodology to improve design practices systematically. The article describes the research strategy called the evaluation-creation cycle (ECC) the foundation of the ECC methodology. Recent studies showed that a failure of desired outcomes is often a result of a failure of to understand existing practices. This suggests that improving design requires more than a theory of what exists, it also requires using this understanding to change the design process to one that leads from the existing to the desired through the evaluation-creation cycle approach. This requires understanding the relations of knowledge creation through the analytic and the synthetic practices within the design process, as well as the relations between the design process and the outer design context. The study draws insight from the Renaissance theory in order to obtain understanding the development of descriptive ‘knowledge of design’ focused on increasing design understanding, and based on this prescriptive ‘knowledge for design’ providing design support are created. This has informed the development of the evaluation-creation cycle (ECC) strategy and the ECC methodology based on it. The aims of the ECC methodology are the evaluation of existing practices and the principles that support them, and based on this the development of understanding with which to change the current situations into preferred ones. In this article the evaluation-creation cycle (ECC) approach is described and the ECC methodology based on it introduced, and the way in which design principles can be developed, improved and used to predict desired outcomes is discussed.

Quality of Design Documentation in the Construction Industry: A Review Using Meta-Synthesis Approach

A meta-synthesis approach was used to identify, synthesize, and categorize appropriately factors in the literature that contribute to design documentation quality. The categories include factors on quality attributes, quality indicators, and quality-influencing factors. Findings indicate that the quality of design documentation in practice is unsatisfactory, therefore, there is a need for collaboration between the owner, designers, and end-users to improve design documentation quality. The results offer pragmatic data on design documentation quality in the construction industry between the years 1992 and 2019. However, further research on the significant impacts of poor-quality design documentation on construction projects is recommended.

Data Representation in the DARPA SD2 Program

Modern scientific enterprises are often highly complex and multidisciplinary, particularly in areas like synthetic biology where the subject at hand is itself inherently complex and multidisciplinary. Collaboration across many organizations is necessary to efficiently tackle such problems, but remains difficult. The challenge is further amplified by automation that increases the pace at which new information can be produced, and particularly so for matters of fundamental research, where concepts and definitions are inherently fluid and may rapidly change as an investigation evolves. The DARPA program Synergistic Discovery and Design (SD2) aimed to address these challenges by organizing the development of data-driven methods to accelerate discovery and improve design robustness, with one of the key domains under study being synthetic biology. The program was specifically organized such that teams provided complementary types of expertise and resources, and without any team being in a dominant organizational position, such that subject-matter investigations would necessarily require peer-level collaboration across multiple team boundaries. With more than 100 researchers across more than 20 organizations, several of which ran experimental facilities with high-throughput automation, participants were forced to confront challenges around effective data sharing. The default architecture for scientific collaboration is essentially one of anarchy, with ad-hoc bilateral relations between pairs of collaborators or experimental phases. This was by necessity the case during early phases of the SD2 program as well, in which incorporating new tools into pipelines was ad-hoc and time-consuming, and data was generally disconnected from genetic designs and experimental plans. The other typical approach for collaboration is one of "command and control", in which a dominant organization determines the data sharing content and format for all participants. This can be efficient, but tends to be limited in flexibility and extensibility, rendering it unsuitable for research collaboration, as indeed was found when we attempted this approach during the first year of the SD2 program. We addressed these problems with the application of distributed standards to create a "flexible rendezvous" model of collaboration, enabling information flow to track evolving collaborative relationships, improving the sharing and utility of information across the community and supporting accelerated rates of experimentation.

Quality Management In Construction Industry By Using Building Information Modelling (BIM)

Building Information Modeling has the potential to help the construction sector change its design & construction processes. While BIM is thought to assist improve design designed to remove disputes and minimising rebuilding, little study has been done on its application in projects for construct quality control & data management. The promise of BIM implementation in quality management rests in its capacity to offer multi-dimensional data, combining design data and time sequences, due to the compatibility of project specifications using quality control processes and quality control processes. The advantages using 6D BIM regarding quality framework depends upon on architectural code are examined and discussed in this study.

Maximizing the Benefits of Participatory Design for Human–Robot Interaction Research With Older Adults

Objective We reviewed human–robot interaction (HRI) participatory design (PD) research with older adults. The goal was to identify methods used, determine their value for design of robots with older adults, and provide guidance for best practices. Background Assistive robots may promote aging-in-place and quality of life for older adults. However, the robots must be designed to meet older adults’ specific needs and preferences. PD and other user-centered methods may be used to engage older adults in the robot development process to accommodate their needs and preferences and to assure usability of emergent assistive robots. Method This targeted review of HRI PD studies with older adults draws on a detailed review of 26 articles. Our assessment focused on the HRI methods and their utility for use with older adults who have a range of needs and capabilities. Results Our review highlighted the importance of using mixed methods and including multiple stakeholders throughout the design process. These approaches can encourage mutual learning (to improve design by developers and to increase acceptance by users). We identified key phases used in HRI PD workshops (e.g., initial interview phase, series of focus groups phase, and presentation phase). These approaches can provide inspiration for future efforts. Conclusion HRI PD strategies can support designers in developing assistive robots that meet older adults’ needs, capabilities, and preferences to promote acceptance. More HRI research is needed to understand potential implications for aging-in-place. PD methods provide a promising approach.