The effect of competitive and cooperative contexts on comparative optimism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélie Krzeminski ◽  
Isabelle Milhabet ◽  
Georges Schadron
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Optimism

scholarly journals Comparative physical activity as a global question to assess physical activity among university students

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Diehl ◽  
Alessia Brassat ◽  
Jennifer Hilger-Kolb
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
University Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Comparative Measurement ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Comparative Optimism ◽  
Individual Assessment ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background To assess physical activity (PA), a comparative measurement – evaluating one’s own PA compared to others – may be an appropriate method. In previous studies, the use of comparative measurements led to an effect known as unrealistic comparative optimism (UCO) – people being unrealistically optimistic about their behavior. Our aim was to use this comparative measurement in university students to quantify the prevalence of UCO at the group level and to draw conclusions on its validity. Methods We used data from the Nutrition and Physical Activity in Adolescence Study (NuPhA), a cross-sectional online survey that included only self-reports (n = 689). To assess PA among students, they were asked to rate their PA level compared to that of their same-aged fellow students. In addition, we used the Godin-Shephard leisure-time PA questionnaire and other questions on PA for comparisons. We used bivariate and cluster-based analyses to identify potential UCO. Results We found that UCO at the group level led to an uneven distribution, with a higher proportion of students who rated themselves as being more physically active than average. However, the individual assessment of PA with a single and simple comparative question seemed to be valid. Discussion A global single comparative question seems useful for studies where PA is measured as a covariate in university students.

Comparative Optimism and Driving Questionnaire

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Gosselin ◽  
Sylvain Gagnon ◽  
Arne Stinchcombe ◽  
Mélanie Joanisse
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Optimism

The competitive dimension of comparative optimism / La dimensión competitiva del optimismo comparativo

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-85
Author(s):  
Aurélie Krzeminski ◽  
Isabelle Milhabet ◽  
Daniel Priolo
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Optimism

Personnes âgées et perception des risques en matière de conduite automobile: les conducteurs âgés manifestent-ils encore de l'optimisme comparatif?

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Spitzenstetter ◽  
Michelle Moessinger
Keyword(s):  
Image Enhancement ◽  
Personnes Âgées ◽  
Older Drivers ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Comparative Optimism ◽  
Conduite Automobile ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Comparison Target

ABSTRACTPeople frequently express comparative optimism; that is, they believe they are less likely than average to experience negative events. The aim of the present study is, first, to observe whether people of more than 65 years are still optimists when they evaluate driving-related risks; and second, to test the assumption that older drivers show less optimism when they compare themselves with average-age drivers than when they compare themselves with same-age drivers. Our results reveal that drivers of more than 65 years do, indeed, express comparative optimism, but, contrary to our expectation, only in a limited number of cases does the age of the comparison target appear to have an effect. These results are particularly discussed in terms of self-image enhancement.

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