On the statistical independence of various column contributions to band broadening. Part 2: The non-equilibrium contribution predicted by a slow, statistically independent relaxation of concentrations

Segregation of solute atoms to grain boundaries, dislocations, and other extended defects can occur under thermal equilibrium or non-equilibrium conditions, such as quenching, irradiation, or precipitation. Generally, equilibrium segregation is narrow (near monolayer coverage at planar defects), whereas non-equilibrium segregation exhibits profiles of larger spatial extent, associated with diffusion of point defects or solute atoms. Analytical electron microscopy provides tools both to measure the segregation and to characterize the defect at which the segregation occurs. This is especially true of instruments that can achieve fine (<2 nm width), high current probes and as such, provide high spatial resolution analysis and characterization capability. Analysis was performed in a Philips EM400T/FEG operated in the scanning transmission mode with a probe diameter of <2 nm (FWTM). The instrument is equipped with EDAX 9100/70 energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDXS) and Gatan 666 parallel detection electron energy loss spectrometry (PEELS) systems. A double-tilt, liquid-nitrogen-cooled specimen holder was employed for microanalysis in order to minimize contamination under the focussed spot.

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Band broadening in high-performance liquid chromatographic separations of enantiomers with swollen micro-crystalline cellulose triacetate packings II. Influence of eluent composition, temperature and pressure

Journal of Chromatography A ◽

10.1016/s0021-9673(01)84376-4 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 478 (1) ◽

pp. 87-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A Rizzi

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Cellulose Triacetate ◽

High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽

Crystalline Cellulose ◽

Band Broadening ◽

Chromatographic Separations ◽

Eluent Composition ◽

Temperature And Pressure ◽

Liquid Chromatographic

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Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium Statistical Thermodynamics

10.1017/cbo9780511606571 ◽

2004 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

Michel Le Bellac ◽

Fabrice Mortessagne ◽

G. George Batrouni

Keyword(s):

Statistical Thermodynamics ◽

Non Equilibrium

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The Constructive Thinking Inventory: Factorial Structure in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Chronic Skin Diseases

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759.14.3.226 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 226-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jürgen Hoyer ◽

Mechthild Averbeck ◽

Thomas Heidenreich ◽

Ulrich Stangier ◽

Karin Pöhlmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Diseases ◽

Principal Component ◽

Initial Study ◽

Statistical Independence ◽

Constructive Thinking ◽

Global Factor ◽

Emotional Coping ◽

Factor Congruence ◽

Chronic Skin ◽

Chronic Skin Diseases

Epstein's “Constructive Thinking Inventory” (CTI) was developed to measure the construct of experiential intelligence, which is based on his cognitive-experiential self-theory. Inventory items were generated by sampling naturally occurring automatic cognitions. Using principal component analysis, the findings showed a global factor of coping ability as well as six main factors: Emotional Coping, Behavioral Coping, Categorical Thinking, Personal Superstitious Thinking, Esoteric Thinking, and Naive Optimism. We tested the replicability of this factor structure and the amount of statistical independence (nonredundancy) between these factors in an initial study of German students (Study 1, N = 439) and in a second study of patients with chronic skin disorders (Study 2, N = 187). Factor congruence with the original (American) data was determined using a formula proposed by Schneewind and Cattell (1970) . Our findings show satisfactory factor congruence and statistical independence for Emotional Coping and Esoteric Thinking in both studies, while full replicability or independence could not be found in both for the other factors. Implications for the use and further development of the CTI are discussed.

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