scholarly journals Cingulo‐opercular adaptive control for younger and older adults during a challenging gap detection task

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 680-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth I. Vaden ◽  
Mark A. Eckert ◽  
Judy R. Dubno ◽  
Kelly C. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Adaptive Control ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Gap Detection

scholarly journals Effects of Meditation on Temporal Processing and Speech Perceptual Skills in Younger and Older Adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uppunda Ajith Kumar ◽  
A. V. Sangamanatha ◽  
Jai Vikas
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Speech Perception ◽  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Gap Detection ◽  
Backward Masking ◽  
Modulation Detection ◽  
Age Range

The purpose of this study was to assess the temporal processing and speech perception abilities in older adults who were practicing meditation for more than five years. Participants were comprised of three groups, 30 young adults (“YA”) in the age range of 20–30 years, 30 older adults in the age range of 50–65 years who practiced meditation for a period of five years or more (effective meditators “EM”), and 51 age matched older adults who did not have any experience of meditation (non-meditators “NM”). Temporal processing was evaluated using gap detection in noise, duration discrimination, modulation detection, and backward masking and duration pattern tests. Speech perception was measured in presence of a four-talker babble at −5 dB signal to noise ratio and with the vocoded stimuli. Results revealed that EM group performed significantly better than NM group in all psychophysical and speech perception tasks except in gap detection task. In the gap detection task, two groups did not differ significantly. Furthermore, EM group showed significantly better modulation detection thresholds compared to YA. Results of the study demonstrate that the practice of meditation not only offsets the decline in temporal and speech processing abilities due to aging process but also improves the ability to perceive the modulations compared to young adults.

Perseverative Behavior and Adaptive Control in Older Adults: Performance Monitoring, Rule Induction, and Set Shifting

2002 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.Richard Ridderinkhof ◽  
Mark M. Span ◽  
Maurits W. van der Molen
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Adaptive Control ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Rule Induction ◽  
Set Shifting

scholarly journals Evaluation of adaption skills in older adults using behavioural and EEG repeated measurements during a visual oddball object detection task

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (S5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M. Rueda Delgado ◽  
Hugh Nolan ◽  
Alison R Buick ◽  
Florentine Barbey ◽  
John Dyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Object Detection ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Visual Oddball

Role of Auditory Temporal Processing for Reading and Spelling Disability

1998 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 1043-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerd Schulte-Körne ◽  
Wolfgang Deimel ◽  
Jürgen Bartling ◽  
Helmut Remschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Gap Detection ◽  
Auditory Temporal Processing ◽  
Spelling Disability ◽  
Processing Deficit ◽  
Reading And Spelling

The role of auditory temporal processing in reading and spelling was investigated in a sample of 30 children and one of 31 adults, using a gap-detection task with nonspeech stimuli. There was no evidence for a relationship between reading and spelling disability (dyslexia) and the gap-detection threshold. The results were discussed regarding the relevance for the popular hypothesis of an auditory temporal processing deficit underlying dyslexia.

Improved Gap Detection Thresholds Following Auditory Training: Evidence of Auditory Plasticity in Older Adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liat Kishon-Rabin ◽  
Meital Avivi-Reich ◽  
Daphne Ari-Even Roth
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Auditory Training ◽  
Gap Detection ◽  
Detection Thresholds ◽  
Auditory Plasticity

Comparison of Performance of Older Adults on Two Tests of Temporal Resolution

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-225
Author(s):  
Ramya Vaidyanath ◽  
Asha Yathiraj
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Noise Signal ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Gap Detection ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Detection Thresholds ◽  
High Frequency Hearing Loss ◽  
Noise Test ◽  
The Difference

Purpose Gap-detection thresholds have been reported to vary depending on the type of stimuli used. The current study compared the performance of older adults on 2 tests of temporal resolution, one with random gaps and the other with gaps in the center of a noise signal. The study also determined which of the 2 tests was able to detect more temporal resolution deficits in older individuals. Method Two tests of temporal resolution, the Gap Detection Test (GDT; Shivaprakash, 2003) and the Gaps-In-Noise test (GIN; Musiek et al., 2005), were administered to 31 older adults with near normal hearing, aged 55 to 70 years. The order in which the tests were administered was randomized. Results The gap-detection thresholds obtained using GIN were significantly higher than those obtained using GDT. The difference in thresholds was ascribed to the randomness with which gaps were interspersed within noise segments in the 2 tests. More individuals failed on GIN than GDT. The older adults with high-frequency hearing loss obtained poorer gap thresholds than those with normal hearing. Conclusion The results indicated that older individuals failed GIN more often compared to GDT. This was attributed to the differences in stimuli and procedure used in the 2 tests.

Effects of Age and Hearing Loss on Gap Detection and the Precedence Effect

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 965-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Roberts ◽  
Jennifer J. Lister
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Noise Burst ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Precedence Effect ◽  
Gap Detection ◽  
Impaired Hearing ◽  
Hearing Sensitivity ◽  
Speech Understanding In Noise

Older listeners with normal-hearing sensitivity and impaired-hearing sensitivity often demonstrate poorer-than-normal performance on tasks of speech understanding in noise and reverberation. Deficits in temporal resolution and in the precedence effect may underlie this difficulty. Temporal resolution is often studied by means of a gap-detection paradigm. This task is similar to binaural fusion paradigms used to measure the precedence effect. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if within-channel (measured with monotic and diotic gap detection) or across-channel (measured with dichotic gap detection) temporal resolution is related to fusion (measured with lag-burst thresholds; LBTs) under dichotic, anechoic, and reverberant conditions. Gap-detection thresholds (GDTs) and LBTs were measured by means of noise-burst stimuli for 3 groups of listeners: young adults with normal-hearing sensitivity (YNH), older adults with normal-hearing sensitivity (ONH), and older adults with impaired-hearing sensitivity (OIH). The GDTs indicated that across-channel temporal resolution is poorer than within-channel temporal resolution and that the effects of age and hearing loss are dependent on condition. Results for the fusion task indicated higher LBTs in reverberation than for the dichotic and anechoic conditions, regardless of group, and no effect of age or hearing loss for the nonreverberant conditions. However, higher LBTs were observed in the reverberant condition for the ONH listeners. Further, there was a correlation between across-channel temporal resolution and fusion in reverberation. Gap detection and fusion may not necessarily reflect the same underlying processes; however, across-channel gap detection may influence fusion under certain conditions (i.e., in reverberation).

scholarly journals Effects of aging and emotional valence on item directed forgetting and source attributions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara N. Gallant
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Directed Forgetting ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Probe Detection ◽  
Intentional Forgetting ◽  
Effects Of Aging ◽  
Emotional Effects

Two experiments investigated the effects of aging and emotion on intentional forgetting. Experiment 1 compared 36 young (aged 18-28, M = 20.22, SD = 3.12) and 36 older adults (aged 65-85, M = 71.53, SD = 5.44) on item directed forgetting and source attributions (i.e., assigning a 'remember', 'forget', or 'new' tag during recognition) of positive, negative, and neutral words. Older adults' directed forgetting was reduced for positive words and their source attributions were differentially affected by emotion. Emotion had no effect on young adults' performance. Experiment 2 examined the role of attention in older adults' intentional forgetting. Thirty-six older adults (aged 65-91, M = 73.92, SD = 7.55) completed an emotional item directed forgetting task that incorporated a probe-detection task during encoding to assess the allocation of attention across valence conditions. Older adults again showed reduced directed forgetting for positive words and emotional effects in source attributions; however, results from the probe-detection task indicated the older adults' attention may not have been influenced by the emotional tone of stimuli during encoding.

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