scholarly journals Evaluation of adaption skills in older adults using behavioural and EEG repeated measurements during a visual oddball object detection task

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (S5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M. Rueda Delgado ◽  
Hugh Nolan ◽  
Alison R Buick ◽  
Florentine Barbey ◽  
John Dyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Object Detection ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Visual Oddball

scholarly journals Cingulo‐opercular adaptive control for younger and older adults during a challenging gap detection task

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 680-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth I. Vaden ◽  
Mark A. Eckert ◽  
Judy R. Dubno ◽  
Kelly C. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Adaptive Control ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Gap Detection

scholarly journals The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D) in a mixed-mode repeated measurements design: sex and age effects in older adults

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra W. Geerlings ◽  
Aartjan T.F. Beekman ◽  
Dorly J.H. Deeg ◽  
Willem Van Tilburg ◽  
Jan H. Smit
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mixed Mode ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Age Effects

scholarly journals One For All: A Mutual Enhancement Method for Object Detection and Semantic Segmentation

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shichao Zhang ◽  
Zhe Zhang ◽  
Libo Sun ◽  
Wenhu Qin
Keyword(s):  
Object Detection ◽  
Data Augmentation ◽  
Semantic Segmentation ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Training Set ◽  
Segmentation Accuracy ◽  
Enhancement Method ◽  
Road Segmentation ◽  
Accuracy Performance

Generally, most approaches using methods such as cropping, rotating, and flipping achieve more data to train models for improving the accuracy of detection and segmentation. However, due to the difficulties of labeling such data especially semantic segmentation data, those traditional data augmentation methodologies cannot help a lot when the training set is really limited. In this paper, a model named OFA-Net (One For All Network) is proposed to combine object detection and semantic segmentation tasks. Meanwhile, using a strategy called “1-N Alternation” to train the OFA-Net model, which can make a fusion of features from detection and segmentation data. The results show that object detection data can be recruited to better the segmentation accuracy performance, and furthermore, segmentation data assist a lot to enhance the confidence of predictions for object detection. Finally, the OFA-Net model is trained without traditional data augmentation methodologies and tested on the KITTI test server. The model works well on the KITTI Road Segmentation challenge and can do a good job on the object detection task.

Developing a Driving Simulator Based Functional Object Detection Task

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 240-256
Author(s):  
Richard R. Goodenough ◽  
Johnell O. Brooks ◽  
Matthew C. Crisler ◽  
Patrick J. Rosopa
Keyword(s):  
Object Detection ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Functional Object

scholarly journals Effects of Meditation on Temporal Processing and Speech Perceptual Skills in Younger and Older Adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uppunda Ajith Kumar ◽  
A. V. Sangamanatha ◽  
Jai Vikas
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Speech Perception ◽  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Gap Detection ◽  
Backward Masking ◽  
Modulation Detection ◽  
Age Range

The purpose of this study was to assess the temporal processing and speech perception abilities in older adults who were practicing meditation for more than five years. Participants were comprised of three groups, 30 young adults (“YA”) in the age range of 20–30 years, 30 older adults in the age range of 50–65 years who practiced meditation for a period of five years or more (effective meditators “EM”), and 51 age matched older adults who did not have any experience of meditation (non-meditators “NM”). Temporal processing was evaluated using gap detection in noise, duration discrimination, modulation detection, and backward masking and duration pattern tests. Speech perception was measured in presence of a four-talker babble at −5 dB signal to noise ratio and with the vocoded stimuli. Results revealed that EM group performed significantly better than NM group in all psychophysical and speech perception tasks except in gap detection task. In the gap detection task, two groups did not differ significantly. Furthermore, EM group showed significantly better modulation detection thresholds compared to YA. Results of the study demonstrate that the practice of meditation not only offsets the decline in temporal and speech processing abilities due to aging process but also improves the ability to perceive the modulations compared to young adults.

scholarly journals Intrinsic capacity predicts negative health outcomes in older adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin Stolz ◽  
Hannes Mayerl ◽  
Wolfgang Freidl ◽  
Regina Roller-Wirnsberger ◽  
Thomas M Gill
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Intrinsic Capacity ◽  
Adl Disability ◽  
Nursing Home Stay ◽  
Negative Health Outcomes

Abstract BACKGROUND Monitoring trajectories of intrinsic capacity (IC) in older adults has been suggested by the WHO as a means to inform prevention to avoid or delay negative health outcomes. Due to a lack of longitudinal studies, it is currently unclear how IC changes over time and whether repeatedly measured IC predicts negative health outcomes. METHODS Based on 4,751 repeated observations of IC (range=0-100) during 21 years of follow-up among 754 older adults 70+ years, we assessed longitudinal trajectories of IC, and whether time-varying IC predicted the risk of chronic ADL disability, long-term nursing home stay, and mortality using joint models. RESULTS Average IC declined progressively from 77 to 11 points during follow-up, with substantial heterogeneity between older adults. Adjusted for socio-demographics and chronic diseases, a one-point lower IC value was associated with a 7% increase in the risk of ADL disability, a 6% increase in the risk of a nursing home stay, and a 5% increase in mortality. Accuracy for 5- and 10-year predictions based on up to three repeated measurements of IC ranged between moderate and good (AUC = 0.76-0.82). DISCUSSION Our study indicates that IC declines progressively and that it predicts negative health outcomes among older adults. Therefore, regular monitoring of IC could work as an early warning system informing preventive efforts.

scholarly journals Intrinsic capacity predicts negative health outcomes in older adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin Stolz ◽  
Hannes Mayerl ◽  
Wolfgang Freidl ◽  
Regina Roller-Wirnsberger ◽  
Thomas M Gill
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Intrinsic Capacity ◽  
Adl Disability ◽  
Nursing Home Stay ◽  
Negative Health Outcomes

BACKGROUND: Monitoring trajectories of intrinsic capacity (IC) in older adults has been suggested by the WHO as a means to inform prevention to avoid or delay negative health outcomes. Due to a lack of longitudinal studies, it is currently unclear how IC changes over time and whether repeatedly measured IC predicts negative health outcomes. METHODS: Based on 4,751 repeated observations of IC (range=0-100) during 21 years of follow-up among 754 older adults 70+ years, we assessed longitudinal trajectories of IC, and whether time-varying IC predicted the risk of chronic ADL disability, long-term nursing home stay, and mortality using joint models for longitudinal and time-to-event data. RESULTS: Average IC declined progressively from 77 to 11 points during follow-up, with substantial heterogeneity between older adults. Adjusted for socio-demographics and chronic diseases, a one-point lower IC value was associated with a 7% increase in the risk of ADL disability, a 6% increase in the risk of a nursing home stay, and a 5% increase in mortality. Accuracy for 5- and 10-year predictions based on up to three repeated measurements of IC ranged between moderate and good (AUC = 0.76-0.82). DISCUSSION: Our study indicates that IC declines progressively and that it predicts negative health outcomes among older adults. Therefore, regular monitoring of IC could work as an early warning system informing preventive efforts.

scholarly journals Optimized loss functions for object detection and application on nighttime vehicle detection

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110363
Author(s):  
Shang Jiang ◽  
Haoran Qin ◽  
Bingli Zhang ◽  
Jieyu Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Object Detection ◽  
Loss Function ◽  
Mahalanobis Distance ◽  
Vehicle Detection ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Loss Functions ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Localization Accuracy ◽  
Detection Speed

The loss function is a crucial factor that affects the detection precision in the object detection task. In this paper, we optimize both two loss functions for classification and localization simultaneously. Firstly, we reconstruct the classification loss function by combining the prediction results of localization, aiming to establish the correlation between localization and classification subnetworks. Compared to the existing studies, in which the correlation is only established among the positive samples and applied to improve the localization accuracy of predicted boxes, this paper utilizes the correlation to define the hard negative samples and then puts emphasis on the classification of them. Thus the whole misclassified rate for negative samples can be reduced. Besides, a novel localization loss named MIoU is proposed by incorporating a Mahalanobis distance between the predicted box and target box, eliminating the gradients inconsistency problem in the DIoU loss, further improving the localization accuracy. Finally, the proposed methods are applied to train the networks for nighttime vehicle detection. Experimental results show that the detection accuracy can be outstandingly improved with our proposed loss functions without hurting the detection speed.

The risk of peripheral artery disease in older adults - seven-year results of the getABI study

VASA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 403-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietmar Krause ◽  
Ina Burghaus ◽  
Ulrich Thiem ◽  
Ulrike S. Trampisch ◽  
Matthias Trampisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Peripheral Artery Disease ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Current Smoker ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract. Background: To assess the risk of peripheral artery disease (PAD) in older adults and the contribution of traditional and novel risk factors to the incidence of PAD. Patients and methods: 344 general practitioners (GPs), trained by vascular specialists all over Germany, enrolled 6,880 unselected participants aged 65 years or older (getABI study). The onset of PAD was determined by a regression method in the course of repeated measurements of the ankle brachial index (ABI) over seven years. PAD onset was defined by the declining linear regression ABI line reaching 0.9 or by PAD symptoms. Results: The cumulative PAD incidence over seven years was 12.9%, corresponding to an incidence rate of 20.3 per 1000 person years (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 18.8 to 21.7). Logistic regression analysis showed that traditional risk factors contributed significantly to the risk of PAD: current smoker status (odds ratio 2.65, 95%CI 2.08 to 3.37), diabetes (1.35, 95%CI 1.13 to 1.62), and low-density lipoprotein >130 mg/dl (1.26, 95%CI 1.07 to 1.48). Three novel risk factor candidates showed significant impact on PAD incidence: elevated sensitive C-reactive protein level (1.23, 95%CI 1.05 to 1.45), impaired estimated glomerular filtration rate (1.27, 95%CI 1.03 to 1.56), and elevated homocysteine level (1.19, 95%CI 1.01 to 1.41). Conclusions: Older adults in Germany have a PAD risk of 12.9% per seven years. Potentially modifiable traditional PAD risk factors yield high impact on PAD incidence. Novel risk factor candidates may contribute to the risk of PAD

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