S-band five-port ring reflectometer-probe system for in vitro
 breast tumor detection

The role of the tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1), in tumor escape and metastasis formation was analyzed using two pairs ofIdo1+andIdo1−murine breast cancer cell lines.Ido1expression in 4T1 cells was knocked down by shRNA, andIdo1expression in NT-5 cells was upregulated by stable transfection. Growth ofIdo1−tumors and spontaneous metastasis formation were inhibited in immunocompetent mice. A higher level of cytotoxic T lymphocytes was generated by spleen cells from mice bearingIdo1−tumors thanIdo1+tumors. Tumor and metastatic growth was enhanced in immunodeficient mice, confirming an intensified immune response in the absence ofIdo1expression. However,Ido1+tumors grow faster thanIdo1−tumors in immunodeficient SCID/beige mice (lacking T, B, and NK cells) suggesting that someIdo1-controlled nonimmunological mechanisms may be involved in tumor cell growth regulation.In vitroexperiments demonstrated that downregulation ofIdo1in tumor cells was associated with decreased cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, and changed expression of cell cycle regulatory genes, whereas upregulation ofIdo1in the cells had the opposite effects. Taken together, our findings indicate thatIdo1expression could exert immunological and nonimmunological effects in murine breast tumor cells.

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Breast Tumor Detection in MR Images Based on Density

International Journal of Image and Graphics ◽

10.1142/s0219467822500012 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2250001

Author(s):

Neeraj Shrivastava ◽

Jyoti Bharti

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Breast Tumor ◽

Early Stage ◽

Region Growing ◽

Tumor Detection ◽

Misclassification Rate ◽

Seed Region ◽

True Negative ◽

Multiple Tumor ◽

Breast Image

Breast cancer is dangerous in women. It is generally found after the symptoms appear. Detecting the breast cancer at an early stage and understanding the treatment are the most important strategies to prevent death from cancer. Generally, for detection of breast cancer, breast Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) takes place. It is one of the best approaches to detect tumor in women. In this research paper, a combination of selection methods for seed region growing image segmentation is suggested to detect breast tumor. The suggested method has been divided into following parts: First, the pre-processing of breast image is performed. Second, the automatic threshold for binarization process is calculated. Third, the number of seed points and its position in the breast image are determined automatically using density of pixels value. Fourth, a method for calculation of threshold value is proposed for the purpose of region creation in seed region growing. For the evaluation purpose, the proposed method was applied and tested on the RIDER MRI breast dataset from National Biomedical Imaging Archive (NBIA). After the test was performed, it was observed that proposed algorithm gives 90% accuracy, 88% True Negative Fraction, 91% True Positive Fraction, 10% Misclassification Rate, 94% Precision and 86% Relative Overlap which is better than other existing methods. It not only gives better evaluation measure but also provides segmentation method for multiple tumor detection.

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A Deep Learning Framework for Breast Tumor Detection and Localization from Microwave Imaging Data

10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665521 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Salwa K. al Khatib ◽

Tarek Naous ◽

Raed M. Shubair ◽

Hilal M. el Misilmani

Keyword(s):

Deep Learning ◽

Breast Tumor ◽

Tumor Detection ◽

Microwave Imaging ◽

Imaging Data ◽

Learning Framework ◽

Detection And Localization

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Inhibition of the MAP kinase activity suppresses estrogen-induced breast tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo

International Journal of Oncology ◽

10.3892/ijo.30.4.971 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Kaladhar Reddy ◽

Selina Glaros

Keyword(s):

Tumor Growth ◽

Map Kinase ◽

Breast Tumor ◽

Kinase Activity

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Promising potential of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-folate to enhance tumor response to immunotherapy—a preclinical study using a syngeneic breast cancer model

European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging ◽

10.1007/s00259-020-05054-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Patrycja Guzik ◽

Klaudia Siwowska ◽

Hsin-Yu Fang ◽

Susan Cohrs ◽

Peter Bernhardt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tumor Growth ◽

Survival Time ◽

Tumor Cells ◽

Median Survival ◽

Breast Tumor ◽

Median Survival Time ◽

Therapy Outcome ◽

Minor Effect

Abstract Purpose It was previously demonstrated that radiation effects can enhance the therapy outcome of immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this study, a syngeneic breast tumor mouse model was used to investigate the effect of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-folate as an immune stimulus to enhance anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy. Methods In vitro and in vivo studies were performed to characterize NF9006 breast tumor cells with regard to folate receptor (FR) expression and the possibility of tumor targeting using [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-folate. A preclinical therapy study was performed over 70 days with NF9006 tumor-bearing mice that received vehicle only (group A); [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-folate (5 MBq; 3.5 Gy absorbed tumor dose; group B); anti-CTLA-4 antibody (3 × 200 μg; group C), or both agents (group D). The mice were monitored regarding tumor growth over time and signs indicating adverse events of the treatment. Results [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-folate bound specifically to NF9006 tumor cells and tissue in vitro and accumulated in NF9006 tumors in vivo. The treatment with [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-folate or an anti-CTLA-4 antibody had only a minor effect on NF9006 tumor growth and did not substantially increase the median survival time of mice (23 day and 19 days, respectively) as compared with untreated controls (12 days). [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-folate sensitized, however, the tumors to anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy, which became obvious by reduced tumor growth and, hence, a significantly improved median survival time of mice (> 70 days). No obvious signs of adverse effects were observed in treated mice as compared with untreated controls. Conclusion Application of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-folate had a positive effect on the therapy outcome of anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy. The results of this study may open new perspectives for future clinical translation of folate radioconjugates.

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