On the design of CMOS phase shifters with small insertion-loss variation for phased arrays and its validation at 24 GHz

Abstract The paper proposes a system consisting of novel programmable system on chip (PSoC)-controlled phase shifters which in turn guides the beam of an antenna array attached to it. Four antennae forming an array receive individual inputs from the programmable phase shifters (IC 2484). The input to the PSoC-based phase shifter is provided from an optimized 1:4 Wilkinson power divider. The antenna consists of an inverted L-shaped dipole on the front and two mirrored inverted L-shaped dipoles mounted on a rectangular conductive structure on the back which resonates in the ISM/Wi-Fi band (2.40–2.48 GHz). The power divider is designed to provide the feed to the phase shifter using a beamforming network while ensuring good isolation among the ports. The power divider has measured S11, S21, S31, S41, and S51 to be −14, −6.25, −6.31, −6.28, and −6.31 dB, respectively at a frequency of 2.45 GHz. The ingenious controller is designed in-house using a PSoC microcontroller to regulate the control voltage of individual phase shifter IC and generate progressive phase shifts. To validate the calibration of the in-house designed control circuit, the phased array is simulated using $s_p^2$ touchstone file of IC 2484. This designed control circuit exhibits low insertion loss close to −8.5 dB, voltage standing wave ratio of 1.58:1, and reflection coefficient (S11) is −14.36 dB at 2.45 GHz. Low insertion loss variations confirm that the phased-array antenna gives equal amplitude and phase. The beamforming radiation patterns for different scan angles (30, 60, and 90°) for experimental and simulated phased-array antenna are matched accurately showing the accuracy of the control circuit designed. The average experimental and simulated gain is 13.03 and 13.48 dBi respectively. The in-house designed controller overcomes the primary limitations associated with the present electromechanical phased array such as cost weight, size, power consumption, and complexity in design which limits the use of a phased array to military applications only. The current study with novel design and enhanced performance makes the system worthy of the practical use of phased-array antennas for common society at large.

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RF Phase Shifters for Phased Arrays

Integrated 60GHz RF Beamforming in CMOS ◽

10.1007/978-94-007-0662-0_4 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 37-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yikun Yu ◽

Peter G. M. Baltus ◽

Arthur H. M. van Roermund

Keyword(s):

Phased Arrays ◽

Phase Shifters

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Optimization of electro-optic phase shifters for integrated optical phased arrays

10.1117/12.2262725 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dwayne D. Macik ◽

Tyler E. Bravo ◽

Seeley M. Pentecost ◽

Francisco A. Espinal ◽

Christi K. Madsen

Keyword(s):

Phased Arrays ◽

Phase Shifters ◽

Electro Optic ◽

Integrated Optical ◽

Optical Phased Arrays

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Liquid Crystal Based Dielectric Waveguide Phase Shifters for Phased Arrays at W-Band

IEEE Access ◽

10.1109/access.2019.2939648 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 127032-127041 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Roland Reese ◽

Ersin Polat ◽

Henning Tesmer ◽

Jonathan Strobl ◽

Christian Schuster ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liquid Crystal ◽

Dielectric Waveguide ◽

Phased Arrays ◽

Phase Shifters ◽

W Band

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Analysis and Optimization of Thin-Film Ferroelectric Phase Shifters

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-603-3 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 603 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

R. R. Romanofsky ◽

F. W. Van Keuls ◽

J. D. Warner ◽

C. H. Mueller ◽

S. A. Alterovitz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insertion Loss ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Phase Shifter ◽

Ferroelectric Phase ◽

Phase Shifters ◽

Phased Array Antenna ◽

New Type ◽

Novel Devices ◽

K Band

AbstractMicrowave phase shifters have been fabricated from (YBa2Cu3 O7-δ or Au)/SrTiO3 and Au/BaxSr1−xTiO3 films on LaAlO3 and MgO substrates. These coupled microstrip devices rival the performance of their semiconductor counterparts at Ku- and K-band frequencies. Typical insertion loss for room temperature ferroelectric phase shifters at K-band is ≈5 dB. An experimental and theoretical investigation of these novel devices explains the role of the ferroelectric film in overall device performance. A roadmap to the development of a 3 dB insertion loss phase shifter that would enable a new type of phased array antenna is discussed.

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