scholarly journals Analysis and Optimization of Thin-Film Ferroelectric Phase Shifters

1999 ◽  
Vol 603 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Romanofsky ◽  
F. W. Van Keuls ◽  
J. D. Warner ◽  
C. H. Mueller ◽  
S. A. Alterovitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insertion Loss ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Phase Shifter ◽  
Ferroelectric Phase ◽  
Phase Shifters ◽  
Phased Array Antenna ◽  
New Type ◽  
Novel Devices ◽  
K Band

AbstractMicrowave phase shifters have been fabricated from (YBa2Cu3 O7-δ or Au)/SrTiO3 and Au/BaxSr1−xTiO3 films on LaAlO3 and MgO substrates. These coupled microstrip devices rival the performance of their semiconductor counterparts at Ku- and K-band frequencies. Typical insertion loss for room temperature ferroelectric phase shifters at K-band is ≈5 dB. An experimental and theoretical investigation of these novel devices explains the role of the ferroelectric film in overall device performance. A roadmap to the development of a 3 dB insertion loss phase shifter that would enable a new type of phased array antenna is discussed.

Phased-array antennas using novel PSoC-controlled phase shifters for wireless applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Aparna B. Barbadekar ◽  
Pradeep M. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Insertion Loss ◽  
Phase Shifter ◽  
Phased Array ◽  
Phase Shifters ◽  
Control Circuit ◽  
Power Divider ◽  
Phased Array Antenna ◽  
Phased Array Antennas ◽  
Array Antennas ◽  
Low Insertion Loss

Abstract The paper proposes a system consisting of novel programmable system on chip (PSoC)-controlled phase shifters which in turn guides the beam of an antenna array attached to it. Four antennae forming an array receive individual inputs from the programmable phase shifters (IC 2484). The input to the PSoC-based phase shifter is provided from an optimized 1:4 Wilkinson power divider. The antenna consists of an inverted L-shaped dipole on the front and two mirrored inverted L-shaped dipoles mounted on a rectangular conductive structure on the back which resonates in the ISM/Wi-Fi band (2.40–2.48 GHz). The power divider is designed to provide the feed to the phase shifter using a beamforming network while ensuring good isolation among the ports. The power divider has measured S11, S21, S31, S41, and S51 to be −14, −6.25, −6.31, −6.28, and −6.31 dB, respectively at a frequency of 2.45 GHz. The ingenious controller is designed in-house using a PSoC microcontroller to regulate the control voltage of individual phase shifter IC and generate progressive phase shifts. To validate the calibration of the in-house designed control circuit, the phased array is simulated using $s_p^2$ touchstone file of IC 2484. This designed control circuit exhibits low insertion loss close to −8.5 dB, voltage standing wave ratio of 1.58:1, and reflection coefficient (S11) is −14.36 dB at 2.45 GHz. Low insertion loss variations confirm that the phased-array antenna gives equal amplitude and phase. The beamforming radiation patterns for different scan angles (30, 60, and 90°) for experimental and simulated phased-array antenna are matched accurately showing the accuracy of the control circuit designed. The average experimental and simulated gain is 13.03 and 13.48 dBi respectively. The in-house designed controller overcomes the primary limitations associated with the present electromechanical phased array such as cost weight, size, power consumption, and complexity in design which limits the use of a phased array to military applications only. The current study with novel design and enhanced performance makes the system worthy of the practical use of phased-array antennas for common society at large.

Coupled Microstrip Line Ferroelectric Phase Shifter for Ka-Band Phased Array Antenna

2004 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAN-CHEOL RYU ◽  
SEUNG EON MOON ◽  
SU-JAE LEE ◽  
MIN-HWAN KWAK ◽  
YOUNG-TAE KIM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microstrip Line ◽  
Phase Shifter ◽  
Phased Array ◽  
Ferroelectric Phase ◽  
Array Antenna ◽  
Phased Array Antenna ◽  
Ka Band

First Demonstration of a Periodically Loaded Line Phase Shifter Using BST Capacitors

1999 ◽  
Vol 603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit S. Nagra ◽  
Troy R. Taylor ◽  
Padmini Periaswamy ◽  
James Speck ◽  
Robert A. York
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Insertion Loss ◽  
Parallel Plate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Phase Shifter ◽  
X Band ◽  
Fabrication Procedure ◽  
Room Temperature Operation

AbstractPeriodically loaded line phase shifter circuits using voltage tunable BaSrTiO3 (BST) parallel plate capacitors have been demonstrated at X-band. The first such phase shifter circuit was capable of 100° of phase shift with an insertion loss of 7.6 dB at 10 GHz. Subsequently, the monolithic fabrication procedure was refined resulting in an improved phase shifter circuit with 200° of phase shift and an insertion loss of 6.2 dB at 10 GHz. In addition to promising loss performance (32°/dB) at 10 GHz, the circuits reported here have several desirable features such as moderate control voltages (20 V), room temperature operation, and compatibility with monolithic fabrication techniques.

scholarly journals Design of 3-Bit Digital RF Phase Shifter for Wireless Communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 2292-2296
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Transmission Line ◽  
Phase Shifter ◽  
Phased Array ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Phase Shifters ◽  
Phased Array Antenna ◽  
Radio System ◽  
Digital Phase

In this paper, a 3-bit digital phase shifter based on switched transmission line technique using coplanar waveguide is proposed. The design has the resonant frequency of 10 GHz which can be used in wireless communication applictaions. Recent developments in radio frequency components development has raised as a significant way for constructing low loss phase shifters. MEMS phase shifters whose insertion loss is low and high isolation uses minimum power. This helps to bring low cost and light weighted phased array antennas. The transmission line length and wavelength decides the characteristics of phase shift. The phase shifter design consists of coplanar waveguides having center conductor width of 100µm and the gap of 14 µm on a FR-4 epoxy substrate with thickness of 1.6mm. The design is simulated using ADS to yield phase shift of 45, 90 and 180. The benefits of digital phase shifters include achieving flat phase over a wide bandwidth as well as having higher power handling and linearity with uniform performance. The phase shifters are used in different fields which includes microwave devices, feeder of radio system, phased array antenna, coherent radio system, etc.

scholarly journals Potential of Liquid-Crystal Materials for Millimeter-Wave Application

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Nose ◽  
Ryota Ito ◽  
Michinori Honma
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Microstrip Line ◽  
Phase Shifter ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Antenna System ◽  
Phase Shifters ◽  
Phased Array Antenna ◽  
Electric Circuits ◽  
Line Type

In this study, we reviewed three topics regarding the application of liquid-crystal (LC) materials to millimeter-wave (MMW) devices. It is essential to develop useful measurement methods for refractive indices of LC materials in the MMW region. Herein, a novel measurement method using optical short is demonstrated using a Si semiconductor substrate. There are two approaches to develop MMW LC devices. One is the quasi-optical approach, which involves scaling up the optical components, and the other approach involves integrating the LC materials into high-frequency electric circuits. A three-dimensional (3D) printer is used to fabricate the Fresnel lens, which is a typical quasi-optical device useful in the MMW region, where we can develop the tunable lens by introducing LC materials. A planar-type MMW waveguide is advantageous for integrating the LC materials to develop LC MMW devices using the second approach. We investigated a useful microstrip-line-type LC phase shifter by developing a novel conversion circuit to introduce the LC material onto the dielectric substrate surface. A phase shifter is an important MMW component that is used to attain a phased array antenna system, and a minimal twin antenna array is demonstrated using the microstrip-line-type LC phase shifters.

scholarly journals Rethinking Figure-of-Merits of Liquid Crystals Shielded Coplanar Waveguide Phase Shifters at 60 GHz

J ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinfeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Insertion Loss ◽  
Phase Shifter ◽  
Coplanar Waveguide ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Phase Shifters ◽  
60 Ghz ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Differential Phase Shift ◽  
Millimetre Wave

The demand for reconfigurable millimetre-wave (mm-Wave) components based on highly anisotropic liquid crystals (LC) is higher than ever before for the UK and worldwide. In this work, 60 GHz investigation on a bespoke shielded coplanar waveguide (SCPW) phase shifter structure filled with 16 types of microwave-enabled nematic LCs respectively indicates that the patterns of the device’s figure-of-merit (FoM, defined as the ratio of maximum differential phase shift to maximum insertion loss) reshuffle from those of the characterised LC materials’ FoM (defined as the ratio of tunability to maximum dissipation factor). To be more specific, GT7-29001- and MDA-03-2838-based phase shifters exhibit the highest FoM for devices, outperforming phase shifters based on GT5-28004 and TUD-566 with the highest FoM for materials. Such a mismatch between the device’s FoM and LC’s FoM implies a nonlinearly perturbed wave-occupied volume ratio effect. Furthermore, the relationship between insertion loss and the effective delay line length is nonlinear, as evidenced by measurement results of two phase shifters (0–π and 0–2π, respectively). Such nonlinearities complicate the established FoM metrics and potentially lead to a renewed interest in the selection and material synthesis of LCs to optimise reconfigurable mmWave devices, and promote their technological exploitation in phased array systems targeting demanding applications such as inter-satellite links and satellite internet.

Reliability study of a tunable Ka-band SIW-phase shifter based on liquid crystal in LTCC-technology

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 521-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Strunck ◽  
Alexander Gaebler ◽  
Onur H. Karabey ◽  
Andreas Heunisch ◽  
Baerbel Schulz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Phase Shifter ◽  
Effective Permittivity ◽  
Phase Shifters ◽  
Phased Array Antenna ◽  
Differential Phase Shift ◽  
Differential Phase ◽  
Phase Errors ◽  
Antenna Module ◽  
High Level

A tunable substrate-integrated waveguide phase shifter using low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC)-technology is presented in this paper. By changing the effective permittivity in the liquid crystal (LC)-filled waveguide, the differential phase can be tuned continuously. This is achieved by means of an analog signal applied to the electrodes, surrounding the LC. The design allows for precise tuning of the differential phase, which is proven with a Monte Carlo measurement resulting in phase errors of less than 3° at 28 GHz. Besides that, the ambient temperature dependency of the module is shown. The phase shifter has a high integration level and can be included into a complete and lightweight single-phased array antenna module. The phase shifter is realized with a high level of integration which is available through the multilayer process of the LTCC. It has a length of 50 and provides a differential phase shift of more than 360° at 28 GHz. The figure of merit for tunable phase shifters is >40°/dB.

Development of different K-band MEMS phase shifter designs for satellite COTM terminals

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Farinelli ◽  
S. Bastioli ◽  
E. Chiuppesi ◽  
F. Di Maggio ◽  
B. Margesin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shifter ◽  
Phased Array ◽  
Rf Mems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Phase Shifters ◽  
High Resistivity ◽  
Phased Array Antennas ◽  
Array Antennas ◽  
Rf Performance ◽  
K Band

This work presents the design, manufacturing, and testing of three 5-bit K-band Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS) phase shifters based on similar architectures (combination of switched line and loaded line) but employing different MEMS switch typologies (cantilevers and air bridges) and RF junctions (SP2T and SP4T). All devices have been monolithically manufactured on 200 µm thick high resistivity silicon substrate (4″) by using the Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK) RF MEMS process. The performance of the different devices has been compared in order to identify the best configuration to be implemented in electronically steerable phased array antennas for satellite COTM (communication on the move) terminals. Excellent performances were measured for the dielectric-free pad RF MEMS switches as well as the single bits constituting the phase shifter. The three 5-bit devices show return losses better than 15 dB for all states, with average insertion loss of 3.5 dB for the clamped–clamped, SP2T-based design, 2.2 dB for the cantilever, SP2T-based device and 2.1 dB for the cantilever, SP4 T-based design. A low-cost Surface Mountable Technology (SMT) one-level package has been developed as well to allow the phase shifter integration into phased array antennas by using automatic surface mounting techniques. The design and simulation of the SMT package are also presented together with its measured RF performance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document