scholarly journals Evidence for microscopic kurtosis in neural tissue revealed by correlation tensor MRI

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Neto Henriques ◽  
Sune N. Jespersen ◽  
Noam Shemesh
Keyword(s):  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Correlation Tensor

scholarly journals Unraveling micro-architectural modulations in neural tissue upon ischemia by Correlation Tensor MRI

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Alves ◽  
Rafael Neto Henriques ◽  
Leevi Kerkelä ◽  
Cristina Chavarrías ◽  
Sune N Jespersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Diffusion Mri ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Cell Swelling ◽  
Stroke Management ◽  
Correlation Tensor ◽  
Enhanced Sensitivity ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity

ABSTRACTNoninvasively detecting and characterizing modulations in cellular scale micro-architecture is a desideratum for contemporary neuroimaging. Diffusion MRI (dMRI) has become the mainstay methodology for probing microstructure, and, in ischemia, its contrasts have revolutionized stroke management. However, the biological underpinnings of the contrasts observed in conventional dMRI in general and in ischemia in particular are still highly debated since the markers only indirectly reporter on microstructure. Here, we present Correlation Tensor MRI (CTI), a method that rather than measuring diffusion, harnesses diffusion correlations as its source of contrast. We show that CTI can resolve the sources of diffusional kurtosis, which in turn, provide dramatically enhanced specificity and sensitivity towards ischemia. In particular, the sensitivity towards ischemia nearly doubles, both in grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM), and unique signatures for neurite beading, cell swelling, and edema are inferred from CTI. The enhanced sensitivity and specificity endowed by CTI bodes well for future applications in biomedicine, basic neuroscience, and in the clinic.

Our understanding of neural codes rests on Shannon's foundations

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Gallistel
Keyword(s):  
Brain Structure ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Neural Codes ◽  
Flow Of Information

Abstract Shannon's theory lays the foundation for understanding the flow of information from world into brain: There must be a set of possible messages. Brain structure determines what they are. Many messages convey quantitative facts (distances, directions, durations, etc.). It is impossible to consider how neural tissue processes these numbers without first considering how it encodes them.

Serotonin Neurons, Neuroplasticity, and Homeostasis of Neural Tissue

1999 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. S33-S45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efrain Charles Azmitia
Keyword(s):  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Serotonin Neurons

scholarly journals 3D Bioprinting Human Pluripotent Stem Cells and Drug Releasing Microspheres to Produce Responsive Neural Tissue

2021 ◽  
pp. 2000077
Author(s):  
Laura De la Vega ◽  
Laila Abelseth ◽  
Ruchi Sharma ◽  
Juan Triviño-Paredes ◽  
Milena Restan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
3D Bioprinting

Repair of Giant Anterior Skull Base Encephalocele Containing Intralesional Eloquent Brain: Technical Note

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J Kobets ◽  
Richard J Redett ◽  
Jonathan M Walsh ◽  
Joseph Lopez ◽  
Melike Guryildirim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Skull Base ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Anterior Skull Base ◽  
Csf Rhinorrhea ◽  
Hernia Sac ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Anterior Cranial Base

Abstract BACKGROUND Encephaloceles are herniations of intracranial neural tissue and meninges through defects in the skull. Basal encephaloceles are rare anterior skull base defects incident in 1 in 35,000 live births. Sphenoethmoidal encephaloceles are even more uncommon, with an incidence of 1 in 700,000 live births. Anterior skull base encephaloceles may be life-threatening in infants, presenting as airway obstruction and respiratory compromise. They can also present with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea, purulent nasal drainage, or meningitis. OBJECTIVE To report a novel technique for repairing a giant sphenoethmoidal encephalocele containing eloquent neural tissue. METHODS A 16-mo-old girl presented with progressive airway obstruction from a giant sphenoethmoidal encephalocele that filled her oral cavity. She had multiple congenital anomalies including agenesis of the corpus callosum and cleft lip and palate. Computed tomography showed complete absence of the bony anterior cranial base, and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated the presence of the pituitary gland and hypothalamus in the hernia sac. RESULTS We repaired the encephalocele using a combined microsurgical and endoscopic multidisciplinary approach working through transcranial, transnasal, and transpalatal corridors. The procedure was completed in a single stage, during which the midline cleft lip was also repaired. The child made an excellent neurological and aesthetic recovery with preservation of pituitary and hypothalamic function, without evidence of CSF fistula. CONCLUSION The authors describe a novel multidisciplinary technique for treating a giant sphenoethmoidal encephalocele containing eloquent brain. The cleft lip was also repaired at the same time. The ability to work through multiple corridors can enhance the safety and efficacy of an often-treacherous operative endeavor.

scholarly journals Spidroin Silk Fibers with Bioactive Motifs of Extracellular Proteins for Neural Tissue Engineering

ACS Omega ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica A. Revkova ◽  
Konstantin V. Sidoruk ◽  
Vladimir A. Kalsin ◽  
Pavel A. Melnikov ◽  
Mikhail A. Konoplyannikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Extracellular Proteins ◽  
Neural Tissue Engineering ◽  
Silk Fibers
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