Risk factors and assessment considerations for essential fatty acid deficiency in nonparenterally fed patients using a case example

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Estes‐Doetsch ◽  
Heidi Ganzer ◽  
Kristen Roberts ◽  
Rebecca A. Brody
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency ◽  
Acid Deficiency ◽  
Fatty Acid Deficiency

Essential fatty acid deficiency and evidence for arachidonate synthesis in the cat

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Sinclair ◽  
W. Slattery ◽  
J. G. McLean ◽  
E. A. Monger
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Acid Deficiency ◽  
Fatty Acid Deficiency

1. There is controversy regarding the capacity of the cat to convert 18:2ω6 to 20:4ω6 and the ability of the essential fatty acid (EFA)-deficient cat to produce 20:3ω9.2. This paper reports the isolation and identification of 20: 3ω9 from kidney phospholipids of EFA-deficient cats.3. The results suggest that the cat is capable of limited synthesis of 20:4ω6 using a Δ5- and Δ8-desaturase.

Effects of maternal essential fatty-acid deficiency on neonatal rat brain

1968 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan B. Steinberg ◽  
Gregory B. Clarke ◽  
Peter W. Ramwell
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Essential Fatty Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Acid Deficiency ◽  
Fatty Acid Deficiency ◽  
Neonatal Rat Brain

scholarly journals Influence of sex and gonadal hormones on rat-liver and carcass lipids during the development of an essential fatty acid deficiency

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Ostwald ◽  
P Bouchard ◽  
P Miljanich ◽  
RL Lyman
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency ◽  
Eicosatrienoic Acid ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Acid Deficiency ◽  
Fatty Acid Deficiency

1. Groups of intact male and female rats and castrated rats injected with oestradiol or testosterone were given a diet containing hydrogenated coconut oil for 9 weeks, and at intervals the amounts and fatty acid compositions of the carcass and liver lipids were determined. 2. Male rats grew faster and larger, and exhibited typical external essential fatty acid deficiency symptoms sooner than did females. Testosterone-treated castrated male rats were similar to males, and oestradiol-injected castrated male rats resembled females. 3. Intact females maintained a higher linoleic acid concentration in their carcass than did males. Total amounts of carcass linoleic acid remained similar for all groups, only 200mg. being removed in 9 weeks regardless of body size. 4. The amounts of total cholesteryl esters were independent of liver size. They were higher in males and testosterone-treated castrated male rats than in females and oestrogen-treated castrated male rats. 5. Phospholipids represented about 80% of the liver lipids. The total amounts of the phospholipid linoleic acid and arachidonic acid were similar for all groups regardless of liver size, and were not affected appreciably by the deficiency. Females and oestrogen-treated castrated male rats maintained a higher proportion of phospholipid arachidonic acid for longer periods than did their male counterparts. Both the total amounts and the proportions of eicosatrienoic acid and palmitic acid were higher in males than in females. 6. Supplementation of the essential fatty acid-deficient diet with linoleic acid caused a rapid loss of eicosatrienoic acid and palmitic acid with a concomitant increase in stearic acid and arachidonic acid. 7. There were no obvious differences in the way that the essential fatty acids were metabolized or mobilized from adipose tissue of male or female rats during essential fatty acid deficiency. 8. The results indicated that the greater growth rate of the male rats caused them to require and synthesize more phospholipids than did the females. In the absence of adequate amounts of arachidonic acid, eicosatrienoic acid was substituted into the additional phospholipid. The earlier symptoms of essential fatty acid deficiency in the male rat could therefore be ascribed to the higher tissue concentrations of this unnatural phospholipid and its inability to perform the normal metabolic functions of phospholipids.

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