Mid-facial anthropometry in second-trimester fetuses with trisomy 21: a three-dimensional ultrasound study

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Bergann ◽  
Christian Bamberg ◽  
Katja Eder ◽  
Hans Proquitté ◽  
John P. Hartung ◽  
...  
Folia Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
Antonios Koutras ◽  
Zacharias Fasoulakis ◽  
Arzou Halil ◽  
Emmanuel N. Kontomanolis

Echogenic intracardiac focus (EIF) constitutes a finding in the ultrasound study that indicates an area which is echogenically bright in the fetal heart and is as bright as the bone that moves synchronically to the atrioventricular valves. Microcalcifications of the papillary muscles or chordae tendinae are being represented by this echogenicity and are mostly present in the left ventricle (90% of cases). EIF appears usually at the ultrasound that is realized in the mid-trimester in a percentage that reaches 3.5% in euploid fetuses and 15% to 30% in fetuses with trisomy 21. In the current paper, the rare and curious case of a 21-year-old primigravida woman is described, who presented for ultrasound scan at the 12th week of gestation. The scan revealed the presence of EIF, which is very rare, as it is well-known that it usually appears in the second trimester of pregnancy. Counseling and debriefing for dismissing parents’ anxiety is necessary as well as further examinations, because EIF has low sensitivity. This specific case report could constitute a beginning in the research of whether investigating EIF in the first trimester of pregnancy is possible and which are the benefits of its detection for the mother, the fetus and the whole family, in clinical practice.


2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 791-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiung-Hsin Chang ◽  
Chen-Hsiang Yu ◽  
Huei-Chen Ko ◽  
Chi-Ling Chen ◽  
Fong-Ming Chang

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivienne L. Souter ◽  
David A. Nyberg ◽  
Amira El-Bastawissi ◽  
Arthur Zebelman ◽  
Fred Luthhardt ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Clare O’Connor ◽  
Rebecca Moore ◽  
Peter McParland ◽  
Heather Hughes ◽  
Barbara Cathcart ◽  
...  

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> The aim of the study was to prospectively gather data on pregnancy outcomes of prenatally diagnosed trisomy 21 (T21) in a large tertiary referral centre. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Data were gathered prospectively in a large tertiary referral centre over 5 years from 2013 to 2017 inclusively. Baseline demographic and pregnancy outcome data were recorded on an anonymized computerized database. <b><i>Results:</i></b> There were 1,836 congenital anomalies diagnosed in the study period including 8.9% (<i>n</i> = 165) cases of T21. 79% (<i>n</i> = 131) were age 35 or older at diagnosis. 79/113 (69.9%) women chose a termination of pregnancy (TOP) following a diagnosis of T21. Amongst pregnancies that continued, there were 4 second-trimester miscarriages (4/34, 11.7%), 9 stillbirths (9/34, 26.4%), and 1 neonatal death, giving an overall pregnancy and neonatal loss rate of 14/34 (41.1%). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The risk of foetal loss in prenatally diagnosed T21 is high at 38% with an overall pregnancy loss rate of 41.1%. This information may be of benefit when counselling couples who are faced with a diagnosis of T21 particularly in the context of limited access to TOP.


Author(s):  
Virgilio F. Ferrario ◽  
Chiarella Sforza ◽  
Carlo E. Poggio ◽  
Massimiliano Cova ◽  
Gianluca Tartaglia

Objective In this investigation, the precision of a commercial three-dimensional digitizer in the detection of facial landmarks in human adults was assessed. Methods Fifty landmarks were identified and marked on the faces of five men, on five women, and on a stone cast of the face of one man. For each subject, the three-dimensional coordinates of the landmarks were obtained twice using an electromagnetic three-dimensional digitizer, and the duplicate digitizations were superimposed using common orientations and centers of gravity. Metric differences between homologous landmarks were assessed, and Dahlberg's error was computed. Results For both men and women, the error was 1.05% of the nasion-mid-tragion distance, while for the cast, it was 0.9%. When the duplicate digitizations were used to mathematically reconstruct the faces, and several distances, angles, volumes, and surfaces were computed, more than 80% of the measurements had coefficients of variation lower than 1%. Conclusions The digitizer can assess the coordinates of facial landmarks with sufficient precision, and reliable measurements can be obtained.


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