Characterization of Cardiopulmonary Interactions and Exploring Their Prognostic Value in Acute Bronchiolitis: A Prospective Cardiopulmonary Ultrasound Study

We aimed to delineate cardiopulmonary interactions in acute bronchiolitis and to evaluate the capacity of a combined cardiopulmonary ultrasonography to predict the need for respiratory support. This was a prospective observational single-center study that includes infants <12 month of age admitted to a hospital due to acute bronchiolitis. All the included patients underwent clinical, laboratory and cardiopulmonary ultrasonographic evaluation at the same time point within 24 h of hospital admission. The existence of significant correlation between cardiac and respiratory parameters was the primary outcome. The association of different cardiopulmonary variables with the need of respiratory support higher than O2, the length of stay hospitalization, the PICU stay and the duration of respiratory support were a secondary outcome. We enrolled 112 infants (median age 1 (0.5–3) months; 62% males) hospitalized with acute bronchiolitis. Increased values of the pulmonary variables (BROSJOD score, pCO2 and LUS) showed moderate correlations with NT-proBNP and all echocardiographic parameters indicative of pulmonary hypertension and myocardial dysfunction (Tei index). Up to 36 (32%) infants required respiratory support during the hospitalization. This group presented with higher lung ultrasound score (p < 0.001) and increased values of NT-proBNP (p < 0.001), the Tei index (p < 0.001) and pulmonary artery pressures (p < 0.001). All the analyzed respiratory and cardiac variables showed moderate-to-strong correlations with the LOS of hospitalization and the time of respiratory support. Lung ultrasound and echocardiography showed a moderate-to-strong predictive accuracy for the need of respiratory support in the ROC analysis, with the AUC varying from 0.74 to 0.87. Those cases of bronchiolitis with a worse pulmonary status presented with a more impaired cardiac status. Cardiopulmonary ultrasonography could be a useful tool to easily identify high-risk populations for complicated acute bronchiolitis hospitalization.

The role of echography in the diagnosis of diffuse fibroadenomatosis of the mammary glands

Traditional methods of examining the mammary glands do not provide a sufficiently high level of diagnostics of the pathology of this organ. It is necessary to use new techniques, including ultrasound research. Echography has ample opportunities in the diagnosis of various diseases of the mammary glands, and with diffuse fibroadenomatosis it is the preferred method. The author noted the main advantages of an ultrasound study, and also developed quantitative criteria that make it possible to more clearly diagnose pathology and determine the severity of the disease.

Characterization of Cardiopulmonary Interactions and Exploring Their Prognostic Value in Acute Bronchiolitis: A Prospective Cardiopulmonary Ultrasound Study

We aimed to delineate cardiopulmonary interactions in acute bronchiolitis and to evaluate the capacity of a combined cardiopulmonary ultrasonography to predict the need for respiratory support. This was a prospective observational single-center study that includes infants &lt; 12 month of age admitted to a hospital due to acute bronchiolitis. All the included patients under-went clinical, laboratory and cardiopulmonary ultrasonographic evaluation at the same time point within 24 hours of hospital admission. The existence of significant correlation between car-diac and respiratory parameters was the primary outcome. The association of different cardio-pulmonary variables with the need of respiratory support higher than O2, the length of stay hos-pitalization, the PICU stay, and the duration of respiratory support were a secondary outcome. We enrolled 112 infants (median age 1 (0.5-3) months; 62% males) hospitalized with acute bron-chiolitis. Increased values of the pulmonary variables (BROSJOD score, pCO2 and LUS) showed moderate correlations with NT-proBNP and all echocardiographic parameters indicative of pulmonary hypertension and myocardial dysfunction. Up to 36 (32%) infants required respira-tory support during the hospitalization. This group presented with higher lung ultrasound score (p&lt;0.001), and increased values of Tei index (p&lt;0.001) and pulmonary artery pressures (p&lt;0.001). All the analyzed respiratory and cardiac variables showed moderate to strong correlations with the LOS hospitalization and the time of respiratory support. Lung ultrasound and echocardiog-raphy showed a moderate to strong predictive accuracy for the need of respiratory support in the ROC analysis, with AUC varying from 0.74 to 0.87. Conclusion: Those cases of bronchiolitis with a worse pulmonary status presented with a more impaired cardiac status. Cardiopulmonary ul-trasonography could be a good strategy to easily identify high-risk population for a complicated acute bronchiolitis hospitalization.

Efficacy of application of the luteotropic drug for the prevention of intrauterine growth restriction in dairy cows

Purpose: studying the effectiveness of the use of luteotropic action for preventing embryonic development disorders.Materials and methods. The research object is lactating animals in 60-75 days after a selection that manifests sex cyclicity and separated into 4 groups. The first group (n = 11) – in the insemination of parenterally injected the preparation of tautin at a dose of 5 ml. The second group (n = 11) – tautin was administered at a dose of 10 ml on the same time as cows of the first group. The third group (n = 12) – tautin injected 10 ml twice: during seeding and on the 14th day after seeding. The fourth group (n = 12) – was injected with saline per day of seeding and on the 14th day at a dose of 10 ml (negative control). Conducted a transrectal and ultrasound study at the end of the 1st and 2nd month of gestation, in which the size of the yellow body of pregnancy, embryo and the fetus was taken into account. Upon completion of pregnancy, all animals are taken into account: the nature of the flow of labor (physiological flow, objectiveness, fulbirth, detention, postpartum), postpartum period (physiological flow, submissiveness of the uterus, endometritis), the state of newborn calves (gender of the fetus, the time of manifestation of confident poses of standing, sucking reflex, body mass).Results. It has been established that the twofold administration of the tautin during seeding and on the 14th day after a dose of 10,0 ml is accompanied by an increase in fertilization by 19,7-28,8%, a decrease in the delay syndrome of the fetus development of 1,4-4,0 times, Absence of embryonic mortality. The use of the drug Tautin twice in a dose of 10,0 ml is accompanied by an increase in the size of the yellow body of pregnancy in 1,43-2,15 times, in comparison with other modes of its use, cockerel-dump-sized – by 12,9-37,6% and diameter Cases – by 10,1-46,6%. The use of a luteotropic drug is accompanied by a decrease in the incidence of cows to the detention of the last 1,8 times, the submissive of the uterus – 1,8 times, endometritis – by 2,7 times, the time of manifestation of confident posture of the standing of newborns of newborn calves – by 15,6 minutes, a sucking reflex – on 16,5 min and diarrheal syndrome – 2,7 times.Conclusion. The scientific novelty of research lies in the fact that new knowledge is obtained on the effectiveness of the use of the drug of luteotropic action, created using the technology of recombinant proteins, for the prevention of violations of embryonic development in cows.

Changes in Diaphragmatic Function Induced by an Increased Inspiratory Load Experienced by Military Divers: An Ultrasound Study

Background: Inspiratory loading is experienced by military divers when they use rebreather device. Our objective was to assess the changes in diaphragm function induced by an increase in inspiratory load at values similar to those experienced by divers in real life.Methods: We recorded the excursion and the thickness of the right hemidiaphragm in 22 healthy male volunteers under inspiratory load conditions, using ultrasound in B- and M-mode. The measurements were performed at tidal volume and during breathing at 50% of inspiratory capacity. The breathing rate was regulated and similar in the various sessions with and without load.Results: The rebreather device used by French military divers leads to an increase in inspiratory load of close to 30 cmH2O. Consequently, the session under load was performed using a device set to this threshold. Significant increases in the excursion and the thickening fraction of the diaphragm were observed between the sessions at tidal volume and at high volume. With addition of the inspiratory load, the excursion of the right hemidiaphragm increased significantly from 2.3 to 3.4cm at tidal volume and from 3.9 to 4.7cm at high volume. The thickening fraction increased significantly from 30.4 to 76.6% at tidal volume and from 70 to 123% at high volume. The statistical analysis demonstrated that assessment of the changes of the thickening fraction during breathing at tidal volume was the most relevant marker to assess the impact of the inspiratory load on the diaphragm.Conclusion: Diaphragm ultrasound can be used to assess the changes in the diaphragm contraction pattern secondary to an increase in the respiratory load that can be generated by use a diving apparatus. The recording of the changes of the motion, and more importantly of the thickness of the diaphragm, during the breathing cycle is able to provide relevant information regarding the inspiratory load.

Fasciculation differences between ALS and non-ALS patients: an ultrasound study

Background Fasciculation is an important sign for the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Our study aimed to analyze the difference in fasciculation detected with muscle ultrasonography (MUS) between ALS patients and non-ALS patients with symptoms resembling ALS. Methods Eighty-eight ALS patients and fifty-four non-ALS (eight multifocal motor neuropathy, 32 chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy/Charcot-Marie-Tooth, and 14 cervical spondylopathy or lumbar spondylopathy) patients were recruited. MUS was performed on 19 muscle groups in cervical, lumbosacral, bulbar, and thoracic regions for each patient. The intensity of fasciculation was divided into five grades based on firing frequency and number in the involved muscle groups. Results The overall detection rates were 72.8% in ALS and 18% in non-ALS patients. The fasciculation grades (median [IQR]) were 2 (0–3) in ALS and 0 (0–0) in non-ALS patients (P < 0.001). Fasciculations were observed in four regions for ALS patients and primarily distributed in proximal limbs. Fasciculations in non-ALS patients were primarily low-grade and mostly distributed in distal limbs. Discussion The fasciculation grade was higher in ALS than non-ALS patients. The distribution pattern of fasciculation was different between ALS and non-ALS patients. Conclusions The fasciculation grade and distribution pattern detected with MUS could help distinguish ALS from non-ALS patients.