Role of
            Arabidopsis
            RAB5 GEF
            vps9a
            in maintaining potassium levels under sodium chloride stress

The flagellated protozoan Giardia lamblia has been grown only in highly complex media under reduced oxygen tension. Therefore, the organic and physiological requirements for in vitro attachment and short-term (12-h) survival of this organism were determined. In defined maintenance media, a thiol reducing agent (e.g., cysteine) was absolutely required for attachment and survival of this aerotolerant anaerobe. The crude bovine serum Cohn III fraction greatly stimulated attachment and survival. Attachment was decreased at a reduced temperature (24 degrees C as compared with 35.5 degrees C) and absent at 12 degrees C or below. Attachment and survival were strongly dependent upon pH and ionic strength, with optima at pH 6.85 to 7.0 and 200 to 300 mosmol/kg. Sodium chloride was better tolerated than KC1. Reduction of Ca2+ and Mg2+ to below 10(-8) M did not significantly affect attachment.

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The Urinary Concentration of Urographic Radiocontrast Drugs: The Role of Sodium Chloride Excretion and Free-Water-Production

Contrast Media in Radiology ◽

10.1007/978-3-642-68584-2_44 ◽

1982 ◽

pp. 201-206

Author(s):

G. H. Mudge

Keyword(s):

Sodium Chloride ◽

Free Water ◽

Urinary Concentration ◽

Water Production ◽

Chloride Excretion

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The role of sodium chloride in the process of induction by lithium chloride in cells of the Rana pipiens gastrula

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.19.3.387 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 387-396

Author(s):

Lester G. Barth ◽

Lucena J. Barth

Keyword(s):

Sodium Chloride ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Rana Pipiens ◽

Divalent Cations ◽

Pigment Cells ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Sodium Ions ◽

Monovalent Cations ◽

High Concentration

A study of the effects of a series of monovalent cations, Li+, Na+ and K+, and a series of divalent cations, Mn2+, Ca2+ and Mg2+, upon small aggregates of cells taken from the presumptive epidermis of Rana pipiens gastrulae revealed that these ions induce nerve and pigment cells (Barth, 1965). The effectiveness of both series of ions as inductors was similar to their effects on decreasing the electrophoretic mobility of DNA as determined by Ross & Scruggs (1964). When it was found that sucrose in glass-distilled water also would induce nerve and pigment cells the role of ions as inductors came under closer scrutiny. A study of the nature of the induction by sucrose revealed that a relatively high concentration of sodium ions was necessary in the culture medium used after sucrose treatment (Barth, 1966).

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Decrease in ureagenesis by partial hepatectomy does not influence acid-base balance

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.1989.257.4.f696 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 257 (4) ◽

pp. F696-F699

Author(s):

T. Almdal ◽

H. Vilstrup ◽

K. Bjerrum ◽

L. O. Kristensen

Keyword(s):

Sodium Chloride ◽

Sodium Bicarbonate ◽

Synthesis Rate ◽

Urea Synthesis ◽

Ph Homeostasis ◽

Acid Base Balance ◽

Acid Base ◽

Base Balance ◽

Bicarbonate Infusion

It has been suggested that urea synthesis participates directly in body pH homeostasis by removal of bicarbonate. To elucidate this hypothesis sodium bicarbonate or sodium chloride was infused (11.5 mumol/min) for 90 min into control rats and into rats that had undergone an 85% hepatectomy immediately before starting the infusion. Urea synthesis rate was 2.6 +/- 0.3 mumol/min (mean +/- SE) in controls, and was significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced to 1.0 +/- 0.2 mumol/min in partially hepatectomized rats. At the start of bicarbonate infusion, pH was 7.38 and 7.34 in control and partially hepatectomized rats, respectively, and at the end of infusion, pH was 7.56 and 7.51. Standard bicarbonate at start of bicarbonate infusion was 21.9 and 21.3 mM in controls and partially hepatectomized, respectively, and it increased to 32.7 and 29.9 mM at end of infusion. In saline-infused rats a slight decrease of approximately 0.05 pH units was observed during the experiment, but again no difference emerged between control and partially hepatectomized rats. It is concluded that a major role of the liver in the regulation of acid-base balance is unlikely.

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