Reduced efficacy of cardioprotective interventions in the aged female heart, including estrogen replacement, highlights the need for alternative therapeutics to reduce myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in postmenopausal women. Here, we sought to determine the efficacy of protein kinase-Cε (PKCε)-mediated cardioprotection in the aged, estradiol-deficient rat heart. Infarct size and functional recovery were assessed in Langendorff-perfused hearts from adult (5 mo) or aged (23 mo) female Fisher 344 ovary-intact or ovariectomized (OVX) rats administered a PKCε-activator, receptor for activated C kinase (ψεRACK) prior to 47-min ischemia and 60-min reperfusion. Proteomic analysis was conducted on left ventricular mitochondrial fractions treated with ψεRACK prior to I/R, utilizing isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) 8plex labeling and tandem mass spectrometry. Real-time PCR was utilized to assess connexin 43 (Cx43) and RACK2 mRNA post-I/R. Greater infarct size in aged OVX (78%) vs. adult (37%) was reduced by ψεRACK (35%, P < 0.0001) and associated with greater mitochondrial PKCε localization ( P < 0.0003). Proteomic analysis revealed three novel mitochondrial targets of PKCε-mediated cardioprotection with aging ( P < 0.05): the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and MnSOD2, and heat shock protein 10. Finally, decreased levels of Cx43 and RACK2 mRNA seen with age were partially abrogated by administration of ψεRACK ( P < 0.05). The mechanisms described here may represent important therapeutic candidates for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction in postmenopausal women and age-associated estradiol deficiency.
Estradiol and progesterone differentially regulate the dendritic arbor of neurons in the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus of the female rat (Rattus norvegicus)
