Substituição do xilol por óleo de coco extravirgem na etapa de diafanização da rotina histológica

O xilol é um composto utilizado no processamento histológico, na etapa de diafanização, sendo um solvente nocivo à saúde coletiva e ao meio ambiente. O objetivo desse estudo foi apresentar uma metodologia alternativa ao uso do xilol, na etapa de diafanização da rotina histológica utilizando o óleo de coco extravirgem. Foram utilizados fragmentos de orelha, cerebelo e língua de Rattus norvegicus divididos em cinco grupos. O grupo controle, diafanizado com xilol, o grupo tratado I, com xilol e 30% de óleo de coco, o tratado II com xilol e 50% óleo de coco, o tratado III com xilol e 70% óleo de coco e o tratado IV apenas com óleo de coco. Lâminas de todos os grupos e tecidos foram coradas com Hematoxilina de Harris e Eosina, as lâminas de cerebelo também foram coradas com Hematoxilina Fosfotúngstica e Eosina, as de língua pelo método Tricrômico de Gomori e as de orelha por Orceína com Hematoxilina de Harris. Os tecidos avaliados não apresentaram diferenças entre os grupos no processo de diafanização, emblocamento e coloração, a ação diafanizante do óleo manteve a morfologia dos tecidos e não causou interferência nas colorações. Podemos concluir que o óleo de coco é um substituto promissor ao uso do xilol na etapa de diafanização, sendo uma alternativa mais segura e de baixo custo, não comprometendo a morfologia dos tecidos e sem interferir nas diferentes colorações utilizadas, além de minimizar os riscos à saúde pública e ambiental.

The Effectiveness of Chocolate in Reducing the Number of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonies in Rattus norvegicus

Chocolate has long been understood to provide positive emotions and a good mood if consumed in moderation. Chocolate contains prebiotics naturally from its constituent ingredients produced during the production process. Prebiotics, frequently oligosaccharides, are substances which cannot be metabolized by the human digestive system but can be employed by a group of bacteria in the gut, understood as probiotics. The positive relationship among them provides benefits for the host in eliminating pathogens. One of the well-known pathogens which frequently cause infection either in the community or in hospitals is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Since it was first identified in 1960, MRSA has caused health problems until today. Research conducted on two groups of Rattus norvegicus infected with MRSA and then fed chocolate revealed a decrease in the average number of bacterial colonies on the skin compared to the control group. In the group fed chocolate at a dose of 50 mg/day, the bacterial colonies decreased to 1.28 x 108 CFU/cm2 in 7 days, lower than in the control group (1.46 x 108 CFU/cm2) at the same time. While those fed 75 mg/day chocolate decreased to 2.70 x 107 CFU/cm2 and the three groups were significantly different (0.000<0.05). Prebiotics fermented by probiotics release short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which compete with the pathogens for attaching to the epithelial wall so that pathogens lose space and nutrients to survive. However, the adverse effect of chocolate may occur because it contains sugar which is a nutrient for bacteria, but if the balance of normal flora and adequate intake of prebiotics are administered, the pathogen could be eliminated.

Analisis Metabolit Sekunder dan Aktivitas Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Salak (Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss) Terhadap Kadar Glukosa dan Ureum Kreatinin Tikus Putih Jantan (Rattus norvegicus)

The snake fruit peel (Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss) traditionally has several health benefits, one of which is to treat diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to determine the content of secondary metabolites in the ethanolic extract of snake fruit peel and its activity on glucose and urea creatinine levels in male white rats (Rattus norvegicus). Phytochemical screening of extracts was carried out qualitatively and quantitatively using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. This study is a laboratory experimental study using 30 test animals divided into 6 treatment groups (normal control, negative control, positive control, 70 mg/kg BW, 140 mg/kg BW, and 280 mg/kg BW). The results showed that the ethanol extract of the bark of the salak fruit contained 7.61 %w/w alkaloids, flavonoids 0.041% w/w, tannins 1.18% w/w, and saponins 2% w/w. Ethanol extract of salak fruit peel dose of 140 mg/kg BW affected decreasing blood glucose and urea creatinine levels. The skin of the salak fruit has the potential to be further investigated as an antidiabetic.

Efek Seduhan Kopi (Coffea Cenephora) Dan Teh Hitam (Camellia SinensisL) Terhadap Gambaran Histopatologis Ginjal Tikus Putih

<p>Kopi dan teh merupakan salah satu minuman paling populer di Indonesia. Dalam kopi dan teh terdapat kandungan kafein. Kafein aman untuk dikonsumsi namun jika dikonsumsi secara berlebihan dapat menimbulkan gangguan pada organ ginjal. Batas maksimum kafein dalam makanan dan minuman yang diperbolehkan adalah 150 mg/hari. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh histopatologi pada ginjal tikus putih <em>Rattus norvegicus</em> setelah pemberian seduhan kopi <em>(Coffea cenephora</em>), dan teh hitam <em>(Camellia sinensis</em> L). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan 7 kelompok perlakuan yaitu 1 kontrol, 3 perlakuan kopi dan 3 perlakuan teh. Jaringan ginjal diamati secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis. Hasil uji Mann-Whitney nilai asymp.Sig &lt;0,05. menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok perlakuan seduhan kopi dan teh dengan kelompok kontrol (tanpa perlakuan). Seduhan kopi dan teh hitam dapat memberikan efek terhadap gambaran histopatologi ginjal tikus putihberupa degenerasi dan piknotik dan semakin tinggi dosis seduhan yang diberikan semakin besar efek kerusakan yang terjadi.</p>

Avaliação dos efeitos do inibidor multiquinase sorafenibe sobre as células musculares lisas arteriais de Rattus norvegicus: Estudo in vitro / Evaluation of the effects of the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib on the arterial smooth muscle cells of Rattus norvegicus: An in vitro study

A reestenose arterial é um processo inflamatório que pode ocorrer após colocação de stent por cateterismo. Os stents farmacológicos surgiram para reduzir esse problema e o inibidor multiquinase sorafenibe demonstrou ser um composto com ação efetiva. Este estudo in vitro avaliou os efeitos do sorafenibe sobre a citotoxicidade, migração celular e distribuição das células nas fases do ciclo celular. A linhagem celular de músculo liso de rato A7r5 foi tratada com sorafenibe em concentrações que variaram de 0 a 5 μM. Os efeitos citotóxicos foram avaliados por dois ensaios colorimétricos, MTT e SRB após 24 horas de tratamento. A distribuição das células nas fases do ciclo celular foi avaliada por citometria de fluxo e a capacidade de cicatrização/migração celular pelo ensaio scratch wound assay. Comparado com o controle positivo paclitaxel, o sorafenibe demonstrou um efeito 1,6 vezes maior na redução da proliferação celular. Na avaliação do ciclo celular, o sorafenibe mostrou um bloqueio na fase G0/G1. Além disso, o sorafenibe aumentou o número de A7r5 células na fase sub-G1, sugerindo morte celular. No entanto, no estudo de cicatrização/migração celular, não foi observado efeito quando comparado ao controle negativo. Assim, esses resultados in vitro sugerem que o sorafenibe é eficaz para uso em stents farmacológicos, sugerindo uma continuidade na investigação desse fármaco.

The Effectiveness of Purslane Extract Provision on Liver of White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) with High Fat Diet

Most animal owners provide fatty food with high cholesterol level that exceeds the needs of their pets. The pattern of giving a high-fat diet causes interference with the cholesterol synthesis in the body. It can damage the liver by causing fatty degeneration, hepatic cirrhosis, and eventually necrosis of the liver. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effectiveness of Purslane extract (Portulaca oleracea L.) on the liver histopathological image of white rats (Rattus norvegicus) with a high-fat diet. The current study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design on 20 males white mouses (Rattus norvegicus) divided into five treatment groups. There were two control groups, the first group received standard feed (Pellet) and Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sodium 1%, while the second was given standard feed and a high-fat diet. Three treatment groups which included P1, P2, P3 were given standard feed, a high-fat diet, and purslane extract solution with 54 mg/day, 108 mg/day, and 216 mg/day, respectively. Research results from the mean rank of fatty degeneration which was measured using the Kruskal Wallis test presented significant differences, and the results from the mean of fatty degeneration using the Mann Whitney test did not indicate any significant difference. Liver cell necrosis from the two tests presented a significant difference. Purslane extract (Portulaca oleracea L.) was confirmed to be effective in reducing or decreasing hepatocyte cell damage after receiving a high-fat diet.

Therapeutic Effect of Red Spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) Extract on Pancreatic MDA Levels Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Exposed to MLD-STZ

Background: Several studies have reported that an increase in blood glucose in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) can cause complications to death that occur due to oxidative stress conditions due to excessive ROS production. Red spinach extract was found to be rich in antioxidant compounds. However, there has been no further research on the ability of red spinach to lower blood glucose levels and prevent oxidative stress, which can be seen from the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA; a marker of oxidative stress) in the DM body.Objective: This study aims to determine whether there is a change in blood glucose levels and MDA levels in DM animal models between the groups that were given red spinach extract and not.Methods: This study used white rats (Rattus norvegicus) which were divided into 5 groups: K(-) group in which the rats were not induced by diabetogenic agent and were not treated; K(+) group, the rats were made DM induced by multiple low dose streptozotocin (MLD-STZ); and T1, T2, and T3 groups were exposed to MLD-STZ and treated with red spinach extract (Amaranthus tricolor L.) at a dose of 200 mg/kgBW, 300 mg/kgBW and 400 mg/kgBW, respectively. Blood sugar levels were checked before and after treatment with extract using glucometer digital. Meanwhile, MDA levels were measured by TBA test using protein isolates from the pancreas of each rat.Results: The results showed that the average MDA levels in the K-, K+, T1, T2, and T3 groups were 1.759±0.08, 2.280±0.15, 2.303±0.11, 1.927±0.06, and 1.801±0.04. While the average blood sugar levels in the K-, K+, T1, T2, and T3 groups were 114.4±8.82, 464±72.78, 421.2±37.60, 140.6±20.19, and 176±13.06.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the administration of red spinach extract therapy in DM model rats was able to reduce both glucose levels and MDA levels. By lowering the levels of MDA compounds, it is also believed to be able to prevent oxidative stress in cells which causes tissue damage.

Efektivitas Ekstrak Etanol Daun Rambai (Baccaurea Dulkis Muell.Arg) Terhadap Penyembuhan Luka Sayat dan Ekspresi Tgf-Β1 Pada Tikus Putih Jantan

Daun rambai Baccaurea dulkis Muell. Arg. merupakan salah satu tumbuhan khas kalimatan tengah dan kalimatan selatan yang daunnya secara empiris dapat digunakan masyarakat sebagai obat luka serta penghilang bekas luka pada kulit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menilai efektivitas ekstrak etanol daun rambai (Baccaurea dulkis Muell. Arg) Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai efek topikal ekstrak daun rambai Baccaurea dulkis Muell. Arg. Arg terhadap kadar TGF-β1 pada fase inflamasi akut luka sayat tikus (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan galur Wister. Penelitian ini merupakan suatu penelitian eksperimental laboratorium in vivo, dengan metode pre and post test only pada tikus Wister. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari bulan Juli sampai dengan oktober tahun 2020. Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Biomolekuler dan Animal House Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya Palembang. Subjek penelitan berupa tikus putih wister dengan jenis kelamin jantan yang dibagi ke dalam 5 (lima) kelompok perlakuan secara random, yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif (aquades), kelompok kontrol positif (povidone iodine), kelompok ekstrak daun rambai konsentrasi 1%, kelompok ekstrak daun rambai 2% dan kelompok kelompok konsentrasi 4%. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis secara statistic menggunakan SPSS versi 19 dengan Uji uji parametrik, uji T berpasangan (paired t-test) uji T tidak berpasangan (Independen t-test) atau Mann Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukan waktu penyembuhan luka sayat tikus putih jantan pada hari ke 3 konsentrasi ekstrak etanol daun Baccaurea dulkis Muell.Arg. 2% dan 4% tidak berbeda bermakna dengan efektivitas Povidone Iodine dan pemberian daun rambai pada tikus luka sayat dengan Povidone Iodine dilihat dari kadar rerata TGF-β 1 pada penyembuhan luka. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna kadar rerata TGF-β1 pada tikus luka sayat dengan penggunaan daun rambai dengan Povidone Iodine pada penyembuhan luka