scholarly journals The diversity of aphid parasitoids in East Africa and implications for biological control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria C. Woolley ◽  
Yolice L.B. Tembo ◽  
Baltazar Ndakidemi ◽  
Janet N. Obanyi ◽  
Sarah E. J. Arnold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Aphid Parasitoids

scholarly journals Aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae) and their associations related to biological control in Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Starý ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Sampaio ◽  
Vanda Helena Paes Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Aphid Parasitoids

scholarly journals Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda Infestations in East Africa: Assessment of Damage and Parasitism

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birhanu Sisay ◽  
Josephine Simiyu ◽  
Esayas Mendesil ◽  
Paddy Likhayo ◽  
Gashawbeza Ayalew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Parasitism Rate ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Larval Parasitoid ◽  
Percent Parasitism

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, threatens maize production in Africa. A survey was conducted to determine the distribution of FAW and its natural enemies and damage severity in Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania in 2017 and 2018. A total of 287 smallholder maize farms (holding smaller than 2 hectares of land) were randomly selected and surveyed. FAW is widely distributed in the three countries and the percent of infested maize fields ranged from 33% to 100% in Ethiopia, 93% to 100% in Tanzania and 100% in Kenya in 2017, whereas they ranged from 80% to 100% and 82.2% to 100% in Ethiopia and Kenya, respectively, in 2018. The percent of FAW infestation of plants in the surveyed fields ranged from 5% to 100%. In 2017, the leaf damage score of the average of the fields ranged from 1.8 to 7 (9 = highest level of damage), while 2018, it ranged from 1.9 to 6.8. In 2017, five different species of parasitoids were recovered from FAW eggs and larvae. Cotesia icipe (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was the main parasitoid recorded in Ethiopia, with a percent parasitism rate of 37.6%. Chelonus curvimaculatus Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was the only egg-larval parasitoid recorded in Kenya and had a 4.8% parasitism rate. In 2018, six species of egg and larval parasitoids were recovered with C. icipe being the dominant larval parasitoid, with percentage parasitism ranging from 16% to 42% in the three surveyed countries. In Kenya, Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) was the dominant egg parasitoid, causing up to 69.3% egg parasitism as compared to only 4% by C. curvimaculatus. Although FAW has rapidly spread throughout these three countries, we were encouraged to see a reasonable level of biological control in place. Augmentative biological control can be implemented to suppress FAW in East Africa.

The Biological Control of Gonipterus scutellatus Gyll. (Col. Curculionidae) in Mauritius

1951 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Williams ◽  
L. A. Moutia ◽  
P. R. Hermelin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
Ecological Data

A brief historical account is given of the spread of the Eucalyptus Snout Beetle, Gonipterus scutellatus Gyll., fron Australia, its country of origin, and of the utilisation of its natural parasite Anaphoidea nitens Gir. for its control on the African mainland.The discovery of G. scutellatus in Mauritius is described. Its entry was effected between 1935–40, and by 1944 it was threatening Eucalyptus plantations over the whole island.A. nitens was introduced in 1946 from East Africa. Establishment was extremely rapid and two years later G. scutellatus was effectively controlled.Notes are given on the bionomics of both host and parasite under Mauritian conditions.Ecological data are briefly discussed.

An annoted list of the parasites of graminaceous stem borers in East Africa, with a discussion of their potential in biological control

Entomophaga ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Mohyuddin ◽  
D. J. Greathead
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Stem Borers

The Relationship between certain Ant Species with particular Reference to Biological Control of the Coreid, Theraptus sp.

1953 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Way
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Oecophylla Longinoda ◽  
Nesting Habits ◽  
Anoplolepis Custodiens ◽  
The Relationship

In the coastal region of British East Africa three ant species, Anoplolepis custodiens, A. longipes and Pheidole punctulata may destroy the ant Oecophylla longinoda which is a valuable predator on the coconut pest Theraptus sp. (Coreidae). The three first-named species do not prey on Theraptus, which may severely damage palms occupied by them.Nesting habits of the three ant species and their behaviour towards O. longinoda and certain other insects are described.O. longinoda has been exterminated in the limited areas occupied by the two Anoplolepis species. P. punctulata is widespread and is usually common in areas occupied by O. longinoda and is also present, though relatively less common, in A. longipes areas.The distribution of the Anoplolepis species, particularly A. custodiens, is correlated with sandy soils bearing a sparse ground vegetation. Where there are heavy soils or a thick ground vegetation of grasses and creepers the Anoplolepis species are absent and O. longinoda is usually present. It is suggested that the Anoplolepis species are limited by the relatively low temperature of soils shaded from sunlight by thick vegetation.

A NEW STRATEGY FOR THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF THE BANANA WEEVIL (COSMOPOLITES SORDIDUS GERMAR) IN EAST AFRICA

2000 ◽  
pp. 291-292
Author(s):  
M. Griesbach ◽  
R.-P. Schuster ◽  
R.A. Sikora ◽  
C.S. Gold ◽  
P.R. Speijer
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Cosmopolites Sordidus ◽  
Banana Weevil ◽  
New Strategy

The Sugarcane Scale Insect Aulacaspis tegalensis (Zhnt.) and its Biological Control in Mauritius and East Africa

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Williams ◽  
D. J. Greathead
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Aulacaspis Tegalensis

Aphid parasitoids in biological control

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Boivin ◽  
Thierry Hance ◽  
Jacques Brodeur
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Mass Rear ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Aphid Parasitoids

Boivin, G., Hance, T. and Brodeur, J. 2012. Aphid parasitoids in biological control. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1–12. Aphids are important pests of most cultivated crops worldwide. Among the natural enemies that regulate their populations, aphid parasitoids are commonly used in biological control programs in greenhouses and field situations. They belong to the Hymenoptera (Braconidae and Aphelinidae), and a few species are Diptera (Cecidomyiidae). Aphid parasitoids are themselves exposed to a variety of natural enemies including predators, fungi and hyperparasitoids. The most important impediment to the use of aphid parasitoids as biological control agents remains the production cost to mass-rear parasitoids. Rearing either aphids or directly aphid parasitoids in artificial media could be a solution to produce large quantities of aphid parasitoids at low cost, but such an approach still faces numerous challenges related to the nutritional and physiological requirements of developing aphid parasitoids.

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