Legal, regulatory, and ethical frameworks for development of standards in artificial intelligence (AI) and autonomous robotic surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. e1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane O'Sullivan ◽  
Nathalie Nevejans ◽  
Colin Allen ◽  
Andrew Blyth ◽  
Simon Leonard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Robotic Surgery ◽  
Ethical Frameworks

scholarly journals Governing artificial intelligence: ethical, legal and technical opportunities and challenges

2018 ◽  
Vol 376 (2133) ◽  
pp. 20180080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Cath
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Ethical Frameworks ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Risk Areas

This paper is the introduction to the special issue entitled: ‘Governing artificial intelligence: ethical, legal and technical opportunities and challenges'. Artificial intelligence (AI) increasingly permeates every aspect of our society, from the critical, like urban infrastructure, law enforcement, banking, healthcare and humanitarian aid, to the mundane like dating. AI, including embodied AI in robotics and techniques like machine learning, can improve economic, social welfare and the exercise of human rights. Owing to the proliferation of AI in high-risk areas, the pressure is mounting to design and govern AI to be accountable, fair and transparent. How can this be achieved and through which frameworks? This is one of the central questions addressed in this special issue, in which eight authors present in-depth analyses of the ethical, legal-regulatory and technical challenges posed by developing governance regimes for AI systems. It also gives a brief overview of recent developments in AI governance, how much of the agenda for defining AI regulation, ethical frameworks and technical approaches is set, as well as providing some concrete suggestions to further the debate on AI governance. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Governing artificial intelligence: ethical, legal, and technical opportunities and challenges’.

scholarly journals Rise of robots in surgical territory

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariyam S. ◽  
Haris P. ◽  
Sasi M. P. ◽  
Babu D. ◽  
Lakshmanan . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Robotic Surgery ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Operation Theatre

Robotic surgery is a rapid advancement in the scientific strata of artificial intelligence and has evolved into a refined tool for the surgeons. Over the last 30 years, this field has evolved in leaps and bounds with wide applications in the field of surgery by improving the dexterity and accessibility for the surgeons in various array of major complicated cases. The surgical armamentarium has been strengthened by evolution of robotic surgery to an extent that man may be replaced by artificial intelligence-based robots in the operation theatre, thereby eliminating the possibility of human errors and limitations.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence (AI) or Intelligence Augmentation (IA): What Is the Future?

AI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Hassani ◽  
Emmanuel Sirimal Silva ◽  
Stephane Unger ◽  
Maedeh TajMazinani ◽  
Stephen Mac Feely
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Efficiency Gains ◽  
Ethical Frameworks ◽  
Cost Reductions ◽  
The Future ◽  
Potential Risks

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly growing technological phenomenon that all industries wish to exploit to benefit from efficiency gains and cost reductions. At the macrolevel, AI appears to be capable of replacing humans by undertaking intelligent tasks that were once limited to the human mind. However, another school of thought suggests that instead of being a replacement for the human mind, AI can be used for intelligence augmentation (IA). Accordingly, our research seeks to address these different views, their implications, and potential risks in an age of increased artificial awareness. We show that the ultimate goal of humankind is to achieve IA through the exploitation of AI. Moreover, we articulate the urgent need for ethical frameworks that define how AI should be used to trigger the next level of IA.

scholarly journals From Humans to Robots: Machine Learning for Healthcare

2021 ◽  
pp. 705-714
Author(s):  
Ankita Daghottra ◽  
Dr. Divya Jain
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Robotic Surgery ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Positive Patient ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Medical Practices ◽  
Applications Of Machine Learning

Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) through which identification of patterns in data is done and with help of these patterns, useful outcomes or conclusions are predicted. One of the most prominent or frequently studied applications of machine learning is the surgical phase or robotic surgery. This makes machine learning an important part of research in robotics. The implementation of this technology in the field of healthcare aims in improving medical practices resulting in more precise and advanced surgical assessments. This paper aims in outlining the implementation and applications of machine learning related to robotics in the field of healthcare. Machine learning aims in generating positive outcomes with assumptions. The objective of this paper is to bring light on how these technologies have become an important part of providing more effective and comprehensive strategies which eventually add to positive patient outcomes and more advanced healthcare practices.

Columns

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 14-26
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Robotic Surgery ◽  
Medical Device ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Disruptive Technologies ◽  
Medical Device Company

The following topics are under this section: Game Changers – Medical Device company leverages on artificial intelligence for robotic surgery Epidemiology of Factors associated with Low Muscle Mass in Elderly Low Glycaemic Index Foods for Healthier Diets Disruptive Technologies in the Tobacco Industry

Artificial intelligence and robotic surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahendra Bhandari ◽  
Trevor Zeffiro ◽  
Madhu Reddiboina
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Robotic Surgery

scholarly journals Ethical Principles for Artificial Intelligence in National Defence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariarosaria Taddeo ◽  
David McNeish ◽  
Alexander Blanchard ◽  
Elizabeth Edgar
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Key Technology ◽  
Human Control ◽  
Ethical Frameworks ◽  
National Defence

AbstractDefence agencies across the globe identify artificial intelligence (AI) as a key technology to maintain an edge over adversaries. As a result, efforts to develop or acquire AI capabilities for defence are growing on a global scale. Unfortunately, they remain unmatched by efforts to define ethical frameworks to guide the use of AI in the defence domain. This article provides one such framework. It identifies five principles—justified and overridable uses, just and transparent systems and processes, human moral responsibility, meaningful human control and reliable AI systems—and related recommendations to foster ethically sound uses of AI for national defence purposes.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence, Ethics and International Human Rights Law

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Roumate
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Ethical Frameworks ◽  
Legal Response ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
The Many

The ethics of artificial intelligence is the response to a new dilemma that demands international society to provide a legal response to the many ethical challenges artificial intelligence creates. COVID-19 accelerates the use of AI in all countries and all fields. The pandemic is accelerating the transition to a society that is increasingly based on the use of, and reliance on, AI, and this also enhances the threats and creates new risks related to human rights. Artificial Intelligence (AI) influences human rights and international humanitarian law. This paper addresses international mechanisms and ethics as new rules which can ensure the protection of human rights in the age of AI. Two arguments are discussed in this study. Considering the ubiquitous and global reach of AI, the challenges it imposes requires an international legal oversight, a requirement that highlights the importance of ethical frameworks. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes how optimal action is needed to protect human rights in the age of AI. Rethinking international law and human rights and enhancing the ethical frameworks have thus become obligatory rather than a choice.

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