A Review of Grazing Incidence Small‐ and Wide‐Angle X‐Ray Scattering Techniques for Exploring the Film Morphology of Organic Solar Cells

Solar RRL ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 2000337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asif Mahmood ◽  
Jin‐Liang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
Film Morphology ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering

Markedly different molecular formation in DPP-based small-molecule solar cells probed by grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 916-922
Author(s):  
Yu Jin Kim ◽  
Chang Eun Song ◽  
Sanjaykumar R. Suranagi ◽  
Jong-Cheol Lee ◽  
Chan Eon Park
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Fullerene Derivative ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
Performance Property ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering

This study comprehensively explores the nanostructural properties of two diketopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione (DPP)-based small molecules with different alkyl side groups and their blends with the fullerene derivative PC71BM, using grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering synchrotron techniques. Preferentially relative face-on orientation within the larger and more ordered stacking phase of SM1 with its shorter side group (ethylhexyl) was observed in the majority of both pristine and blend thin films, whereas SM2 crystals showed strictly perpendicular orientation. These contrasting crystalline characteristics led to significant differences in the results, from which crystalline structure–performance property correlations are proposed. Thus, the results not only demonstrate important scientific insights into the relationship between molecular structure and crystalline formation but also provide molecular design directions that will facilitate further improvement to the morphology and performance of DPP-based small-molecule solar cells.

scholarly journals In situ Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering on Roll-To-Roll Coating of Organic Solar Cells with Laboratory X-ray Instrumentation

10.3791/61374 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Korning Sørensen ◽  
Moises Espindola Rodriguez ◽  
Marcial Fernández Castro ◽  
Ashwin Nambi ◽  
Luise Theil Kuhn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Roll Coating ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering

An instrument for time-resolved and anomalous simultaneous small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SWAXS) at NSRRC

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 871-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Huang Lai ◽  
Ya-Sen Sun ◽  
U-Ser Jeng ◽  
Jhih-Min Lin ◽  
Tsang-Lang Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Membrane ◽  
Quantum Wires ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Anomalous Scattering ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering

A SWAXS (small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering) instrument was recently installed at the wiggler beamline BL17B3 of the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), Taiwan. The instrument, which is designed for studies of static and dynamic nanostructures and correlations between the nano (ormeso) structure (SAXS) and crystalline structure (WAXS), provides a flux of 1010–1011photon s−1at the sample at energies between 5 and 14 keV. With a SAXS area detector and a WAXS linear detector connected to two data acquisition systems operated in master–slave mode, the instrument allows one to perform time-resolved as well as anomalous scattering measurements. Data reduction algorithms have been developed for rapid processing of the large SWAXS data sets collected during time-resolved measurements. The performance of the instrument is illustrated by examples taken from different classes of ongoing projects: (i) time-resolved SAXS/WAXS/differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) with a time resolution of 10 s on a semicrystalline poly(hexamethylene terephthalate) sample, (ii) anomalous SAXS/WAXS measurements on a nanoparticulate PtRu catalyst, and (iii) grazing-incidence SAXS of a monolayer of oriented semiconductor quantum wires, and humidity-controlled ordering of Alamethicin peptides embedded in an oriented lipid membrane.

scholarly journals GIWAXS-SIIRkit: scattering intensity, indexing and refraction calculation toolkit for grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering of organic materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1108-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Savikhin ◽  
Hans-Georg Steinrück ◽  
Ru-Ze Liang ◽  
Brian A. Collins ◽  
Stefan D. Oosterhout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Materials ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Peak Position ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
Scattering Intensity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Short Learning Curve ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Intensity Normalization ◽  
Ray Scattering

Grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) has become an increasingly popular technique for quantitative structural characterization and comparison of thin films. For this purpose, accurate intensity normalization and peak position determination are crucial. At present, few tools exist to estimate the uncertainties of these measurements. Here, a simulation package is introduced called GIWAXS-SIIRkit, where SIIR stands for scattering intensity, indexing and refraction. The package contains several tools that are freely available for download and can be executed in MATLAB. The package includes three functionalities: estimation of the relative scattering intensity and the corresponding uncertainty based on experimental setup and sample dimensions; extraction and indexing of peak positions to approximate the crystal structure of organic materials starting from calibrated GIWAXS patterns; and analysis of the effects of refraction on peak positions. Each tool is based on a graphical user interface and designed to have a short learning curve. A user guide is provided with detailed usage instruction, tips for adding functionality and customization, and exemplary files.

Analysis of Molecular Aggregation Structures of Fully Aromatic and Semialiphatic Polyimide Films with Synchrotron Grazing Incidence Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 1930-1941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junji Wakita ◽  
Sangwoo Jin ◽  
Tae Joo Shin ◽  
Moonhor Ree ◽  
Shinji Ando
Keyword(s):  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Molecular Aggregation ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
Polyimide Films ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering

Real-time X-ray scattering studies of film evolution in high performing small-molecule–fullerene organic solar cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (16) ◽  
pp. 8764-8771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Engmann ◽  
Felicia A. Bokel ◽  
Andrew A. Herzing ◽  
Hyun Wook Ro ◽  
Claudio Girotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Performing ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Comprehensive Studies ◽  
Ray Scattering

Comprehensive studies of the influence of the formulation additive 1,8-diiodooctane on the structural evolution of small molecule BHJ films with GIWAXS and GISAXS are presented.

Organic Solar Cells: How X-ray Scattering Has Improved Our Understanding of Morphology

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Verploegen ◽  
Chad E. Miller ◽  
Michael F. Toney
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering
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