scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 and -2 in Individuals from Guinea-Bissau with Single or Dual Infections: Predominance of a Distinct HIV-1 Subtype A/G Recombinant in West Africa

Virology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 262 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sören Andersson ◽  
Hans Norrgren ◽  
Francisco Dias ◽  
Gunnel Biberfeld ◽  
Jan Albert
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Guinea Bissau ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Subtype A ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Dual Infections

scholarly journals A complex human immunodeficiency virus type 1 A/G/J recombinant virus isolated from a seronegative patient with AIDS from Benin, West Africa

2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 1095-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Baldrich-Rubio ◽  
S. Anagonou ◽  
K. Stirrups ◽  
E. Lafia ◽  
D. Candotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Seronegative Patient ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Subtype A ◽  
Hiv 1

A human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1B76) originating from Benin (West Africa) was isolated and characterized. The patient had severe clinical AIDS and presented an unusual serological profile. Only one out of five different detection assays was able to demonstrate the presence of antibodies to HIV, whereas confirmatory assays remained indeterminate. In contrast, both plasma viral load and p24 antigen level were unusually high. HIV-1 infection was proved by viral RNA and proviral DNA amplification. HIV-1B76 partially purified lysate reacted strongly with all anti-HIV-1-positive sera from the region but B76 plasma did not react with subtype A control viral antigen. This patient is likely to have had severe acquired immune dysfunction explaining her lack of immunological reactivity. Phylogenetic analysis of the genome identified a complex HIV-1 A/G/J recombinant. The gag and pol genes, and the majority of nef,are characteristic of subtype A; the gag/pol junction, the 3′ end of pol, vpu and env genes were characteristic of subtype G; vif, vpr and the 5′ end of nef were subtype J. In addition, part of the HIV-1B76 genome had considerable sequence similarity with the previously described CRF06 cpx (BFP90) isolate. HIV-1B76 did not exhibit any remarkable replication properties or cell tropism in vitro.

scholarly journals Characterization of a dual-tropic Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) strain derived from the prototypical X4 isolate HXBc2

Virology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 438 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-hua Xiang ◽  
Beatriz Pacheco ◽  
Dane Bowder ◽  
Wen Yuan ◽  
Joseph Sodroski
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals CCR5- and CXCR4-Tropic Subtype C Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates Have a Lower Level of Pathogenic Fitness than Other Dominant Group M Subtypes: Implications for the Epidemic

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 5592-5605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Awet Abraha ◽  
Immaculate L. Nankya ◽  
Richard Gibson ◽  
Korey Demers ◽  
Denis M. Tebit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Subtype C ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Subtype A ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype C is the dominant subtype globally, due largely to the incidence of subtype C infections in sub-Saharan Africa and east Asia. We compared the relative replicative fitness (ex vivo) of the major (M) group of HIV-1 subtypes A, B, C, D, and CRF01_AE and group O isolates. To estimate pathogenic fitness, pairwise competitions were performed between CCR5-tropic (R5) or CXCR4-tropic (X4) virus isolates in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). A general fitness order was observed among 33 HIV-1 isolates; subtype B and D HIV-1 isolates were slightly more fit than the subtype A and dramatically more fit than the 12 subtype C isolates. All group M isolates were more fit (ex vivo) than the group O isolates. To estimate ex vivo transmission fitness, a subset of primary HIV-1 isolates were examined in primary human explants from penile, cervical, and rectal tissues. Only R5 isolates and no X4 HIV-1 isolates could replicate in these tissues, whereas the spread to PM1 cells was dependent on active replication and passive virus transfer. In tissue competition experiments, subtype C isolates could compete with and, in some cases, even win over subtype A and D isolates. However, when the migratory cells from infected tissues were mixed with a susceptible cell line, the subtype C isolates were outcompeted by other subtypes, as observed in experiments with PBMC. These findings suggest that subtype C HIV-1 isolates might have equal transmission fitness but reduced pathogenic fitness relative to other group M HIV-1 isolates.

scholarly journals Efficiencies of Four Versions of the AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR Test for Quantification of Different Subtypes of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Triques ◽  
J. Coste ◽  
J. L. Perret ◽  
C. Segarra ◽  
E. Mpoudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Subtype C ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Subtype A ◽  
Hiv 1

Three versions of a commercial human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 (HIV-1) load test (the AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR Test versions 1.0, 1.0+, and 1.5; Roche Diagnostics, Branchburg, N.J.) were evaluated for their ability to detect and quantify HIV-1 RNA of different genetic subtypes. Plasma samples from 96 patients infected with various subtypes of HIV-1 (55 patients infected with subtype A, 9 with subtype B, 21 with subtype C, 2 with subtype D, 7 with subtype E, and 2 with subtype G) and cultured virus from 29 HIV-1 reference strains (3 of subtype A, 6 of subtype B, 5 of subtype C, 3 of subtype D, 8 of subtype E, 3 of subtype F, and 1 of subtype G) were tested. Detection of subtypes A and E was significantly improved with versions 1.0+ and 1.5 compared to that with version 1.0, whereas detection of subtypes B, C, D, and G was equivalent with the three versions. Versions 1.0, 1.0+, and 1.5 detected 65, 98, and 100% of the subtype A-infected samples from patients, respectively, and 71, 100, and 100% of the subtype E-infected samples from patients, respectively. Version 1.5 yielded a significant increase in viral load for samples infected with subtypes A and E (greater than 1 log10 HIV RNA copies/ml). For samples infected with subtype B, C, and D and tested with version 1.5, only a slight increase in viral load was observed (<0.5 log10). We also evaluated a prototype automated version of the test that uses the same PCR primers as version 1.5. The results with the prototype automated test were highly correlated with those of the version 1.5 test for all subtypes, but were lower overall. The AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR Test, version 1.5, yielded accurate measurement of the HIV load for all HIV-1 subtypes tested, which should allow the test to be used to assess disease prognosis and response to antiretroviral treatment in patients infected with a group M HIV-1 subtype.

scholarly journals Isolation and antigenic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Brazil

1987 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Galvão-Castro ◽  
J. Ivo-dos-Santos ◽  
J. C. Couto-Fernandez ◽  
V. Bongertz ◽  
Dumith Chequer-Bou-Habib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Blot Analysis ◽  
Envelope Glycoprotein ◽  
Brazilian Isolate ◽  
Antigenic Characterization ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Viruses ◽  
Hiv 1

A retrovirus infecting a Brazilian AIDS patient was isolated and characterized in terms of its reactivity with sera from individuals infected with human immunodeficiency viruses 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2). The Western blot analysis revealed that the Brazilian isolate is very similar to the well characterized HIV-1 strain. The serum of the patient from whom the virus was isolated did not react with the 140 kDa envelope glycoprotein specific for HIV-2.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document