The M2 Proteins of Influenza A and B Viruses are Single-Pass Proton Channels

2007 ◽  
pp. 101-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yajun Tang ◽  
Padmavati Venkataraman ◽  
Jared Knopman ◽  
Robert A. Lamb ◽  
Lawrence H. Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Proton Channels ◽  
Single Pass

Proton channels of influenza A and B viruses

2013 ◽  
pp. 101-113
Author(s):  
Chunlong Ma ◽  
Lawrence H. Pinto ◽  
Robert A. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Proton Channels

scholarly journals Real-time dissection of dynamic uncoating of individual influenza viruses

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (7) ◽  
pp. 2577-2582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Qin ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Qin Li ◽  
Wen Yin ◽  
Xiaowei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Proton Channels ◽  
Critical Gap ◽  
Ribonucleoprotein Complexes ◽  
Virus Life Cycle ◽  
Late Endosomes ◽  
Influenza Viral Infection ◽  
Particle Imaging ◽  
Single Particle Imaging

Uncoating is an obligatory step in the virus life cycle that serves as an antiviral target. Unfortunately, it is challenging to study viral uncoating due to methodology limitations for detecting this transient and dynamic event. The uncoating of influenza A virus (IAV), which contains an unusual genome of eight segmented RNAs, is particularly poorly understood. Here, by encapsulating quantum dot (QD)-conjugated viral ribonucleoprotein complexes (vRNPs) within infectious IAV virions and applying single-particle imaging, we tracked the uncoating process of individual IAV virions. Approximately 30% of IAV particles were found to undergo uncoating through fusion with late endosomes in the “around-nucleus” region at 30 to 90 minutes postinfection. Inhibition of viral M2 proton channels and cellular endosome acidification prevented IAV uncoating. IAV vRNPs are released separately into the cytosol after virus uncoating. Then, individual vRNPs undergo a three-stage movement to the cell nucleus and display two diffusion patterns when inside the nucleus. These findings reveal IAV uncoating and vRNP trafficking mechanisms, filling a critical gap in knowledge about influenza viral infection.

scholarly journals Viroporins in the Influenza Virus

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet To ◽  
Jaume Torres
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Acid Activation ◽  
Proton Channels ◽  
Small Proteins ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Seasonal Epidemics ◽  
Increase Membrane Permeability ◽  
Structural Aspects

Influenza is a highly contagious virus that causes seasonal epidemics and unpredictable pandemics. Four influenza virus types have been identified to date: A, B, C, and D, where only A–C are known to infect humans. Influenza A (IAV) and B (IBV) viruses are responsible for seasonal influenza epidemics in humans and are responsible for up to a billion flu infections annually. The M2 protein is present in all influenza types and belongs to the class of viroporins (i.e., small proteins that form ion channels that increase membrane permeability in virus-infected cells). In influenza A and B, AM2 and BM2 are predominantly proton channels, although they also show some permeability to monovalent cations. In contrast, M2 proteins in influenza C (ICV) and D (IDV), CM2 and DM2, appear to be especially selective for chloride ions, with possibly some permeability to protons. These differences point to different biological roles for M2 in types A and B versus C and D, which is also reflected in their sequences. AM2 is by far the best characterized viroporin, and mechanistic details and rationale of its acid activation, proton selectivity, unidirectionality and relative low conductance are just beginning to be understood. The present review summarizes the biochemical and structural aspects of influenza viroporins and discusses the most relevant aspects of function, inhibition and interaction with the host.

scholarly journals The M2 Proton Channels of Influenza A and B Viruses

2005 ◽  
Vol 281 (14) ◽  
pp. 8997-9000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence H. Pinto ◽  
Robert A. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Proton Channels

Design of Broad-Spectrum Inhibitors of Influenza A Virus M2 Proton Channels: A Molecular Modeling Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Klimochkin ◽  
Vadim Shiryaev ◽  
Pavel Petrov ◽  
Eugene Radchenko ◽  
Vladimir Palyulin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Modeling ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Proton Channels ◽  
Modeling Approach

Prolonged Influenza A Infection Control May Be Warranted

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
AMY PFEIFFER
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Influenza A
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