Urea Breath Tests for Detection of Helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative bacterium which causes chronic gastritis and plays important roles in peptic ulcer disease, gastric carcinoma, and gastric lymphoma. H. pylori has been found in the stomachs of humans in all parts of the world. In developing countries, 70 to 90% of the population carries H. pylori. In developed countries, the prevalence of infection is lower. There appears to be no substantial reservoir of H. pylori aside from the human stomach. Transmission can occur by iatrogenic, fecal-oral, and oral-oral routes. H. pylori is able to colonize and persist in a unique biological niche within the gastric lumen. All fresh isolates of H. pylori express significant urease activity, which appears essential to the survival and pathogenesis of the bacterium. A variety of tests to diagnose H. pylori infection are now available. Histological examination of gastric tissue, culture, rapid urease testing, DNA probes, and PCR analysis, when used to test gastric tissue, all require endoscopy. In contrast, breath tests, serology, gastric juice PCR, and urinary excretion of [15N]ammonia are noninvasive tests that do not require endoscopy. In this review, we highlight advances in the detection of the presence of the organism and methods of differentiating among types of H. pylori, and we provide a background for appropriate chemotherapy of the infection.

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Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Vinnytsia region and the effectiveness of the eradication schemes according to 13C-urease breath tests (2006 — 2019)

Modern Gastroenterology ◽

10.30978/mg-2020-6-23 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (6) ◽

pp. 23-33

Author(s):

I. G. Paliy ◽

N. M. Kondratiuk ◽

S. V. Zaika

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Breath Tests

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False Negative Urea Breath Tests with H2-Receptor Antagonists: Interactions Between Helicobacter pylori Density and pH

Helicobacter ◽

10.1111/j.1083-4389.2004.00191.x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 17-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

David Y. Graham ◽

Antone R. Opekun ◽

Medhavi Jogi ◽

Yoshio Yamaoka ◽

Hong Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

False Negative ◽

Receptor Antagonists ◽

H2 Receptor Antagonists ◽

Breath Tests ◽

H2 Receptor

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Best cut‐off values for [14C]‐urea breath tests for Helicobacter pylori detection

Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology ◽

10.1080/00365520310006261 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 38 (11) ◽

pp. 1144-1148 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. Gatta ◽

C. Ricci ◽

V. Stanghellini ◽

A. Alì ◽

M. Menegatti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Breath Tests

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Breathing tests and their significance in the clinic of internal diseases: the importance of non-invasive 13C bicarbonate breath test in medical diagnostics.

Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) ◽

10.18821/0023-2149-2018-96-4-309-313 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 96 (4) ◽

pp. 309-313

Author(s):

S. I. Rapoport ◽

A. M. Zyakun ◽

Nina A. Shubina

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Breath Test ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Medical Diagnostics ◽

Breath Tests ◽

Non Invasive ◽

The World

13C breath tests have been widely developed in the world gastroenterology at the beginning of the 90-ies of the last century. This technique has been used for over 20 years in many developed countries and it has long been a routine and mass procedure. 13C urease breath test for infection Helicobacter pylori detection is the most widely analysis among 13C breath tests. Researchers are developing new 13C-biomarkers and expand the list of available substrates. One of these techniques is a multifunctional 13C bicarbonate breath test. Here is a brief overview of this application.

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A Re-testing Range is Recommended for 13C- and 14C-urea Breath Tests for Helicobacter Pylori Infection in China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-356067/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiangyu Wang ◽

Shuzhen Zhang ◽

Eng Guan Chua ◽

Yongsheng He ◽

Xiaofeng Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Repeated Testing ◽

Clinical Trial Registry ◽

Optimal Cutoff ◽

Breath Tests ◽

Treatment Naïve ◽

Gastric Biopsies ◽

H Pylori ◽

Testing Range

Abstract Background: The urea breath test (UBT) is widely used for diagnosing Helicobacter pylori infection. In our hospital, some UBT findings were contradictory to the histology outcomes, therefore this study aimed to assess and compare the diagnostic performance of both 13C- and 14C-UBT assays.Methods: We recruited 484 H. pylori-treatment naïve patients, among which 217 and 267 were tested by the 13C-UBT or 14C-UBT, respectively. The cutoff value for H. pylori positivity based on manufacturer’s instruction was 4% DOB for the 13C-UBT, and 100 DPM for the 14C-UBT. Gastric biopsies of the antrum and corpus were obtained during endoscopy for histopathology.Results: In patients who were tested using the 13C-UBT kit, histopathology was positive in 136 out of 164 UBT-positive patients (82.9% concordance), and negative in 46 out of 53 UBT-negative cases (86.8% concordance). For the 14C-UBT-tested patients, histopathology was positive for H. pylori in 186 out of 220 UBT-positive patients (84.5% concordance), and negative in 41 out of 47 UBT-negative cases (87.2% concordance). While the 13C-UBT and 14C-UBT each had a high sensitivity level of 95.1% and 96.9%, respectively, their specificity was low, at 62.2% and 54.7%, respectively. By using new optimal cutoff values and including an indeterminate range (3-10.3% DOB for 13C-UBT and 87-237 DPM for 14C-UBT), the specificity values can be improved to 76.7% and 76.9% for the 13C- and 14C-UBT, respectively.Conclusions: The establishment of an indeterminate range is recommended to allow for repeated testing to confirm H. pylori infection, and thereby avoiding unnecessary antibiotic treatment.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000041570. Registered 29 December 2020- Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=66416&htm=4(263/350 words)

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