Combination of Dark-Field and Confocal Microscopy for the Optical Detection of Silver and Titanium Nanoparticles in Mammalian Cells

2020 ◽  
pp. 395-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Martin Zucker ◽  
William K. Boyes
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Optical Detection ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Titanium Nanoparticles

scholarly journals Real-time optical detection of single human and bacterial viruses based on dark-field interferometry

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anirban Mitra ◽  
Filipp Ignatovich ◽  
Lukas Novotny
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Optical Detection ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Bacterial Viruses

scholarly journals Microtubule-organizing centers abnormal in number, structure, and nucleating activity in x-irradiated mammalian cells.

1983 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 776-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Sato ◽  
R Kuriyama ◽  
K Nishizawa
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Mitotic Cell ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Microtubule Depolymerization ◽  
Microtubule Organizing Centers ◽  
Mitotic Cells

Microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) in x-irradiated cells were visualized by immunofluorescence using antibody against tubulin. From two to ten reassembly sites of microtubules appeared after microtubule depolymerization at low temperature in an irradiated mitotic cell, in contrast to nonirradiated mitotic cells, which predominantly show 2 MTOCs. A time-course examination of MTOCs in synchronously cultured cells revealed that the multiple MTOCs appeared not immediately after irradiation but at the time of mitosis. Those multiple MTOCs formed at mitosis were inherited by the daughter cells in the next generation. The structure and capacity of the centrosomes to nucleate microtubules in vitro were then examined by electron microscopy of whole-mount preparations as well as by dark-field microscopy. About 70-80% of the centrosomes derived from nonirradiated cells were composed of a pair of centrioles and pericentriolar material, which initiated greater than 100 microtubules. The fraction of fully active complete centrosomes decreased with time of incubation after irradiation. These were replaced by disintegrated centrosomal components such as dissociated centrioles and pericentriolar cloud, a nucleating site with a single centriole, or only an amorphous structure of pericentriolar cloud. Assembly of less than 20 microtubules onto the amorphous cloud without centrioles was seen in 54% of the initiating sites in mitotic cells 2 d after irradiation. These results suggest that x-irradiation causes disintegration of centrosomes at mitosis when the structural and functional reorganization of centrosomes is believed to occur.

3D dark-field confocal microscopy for subsurface defects detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Liu ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Chenguang Liu ◽  
Yuhang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Subsurface Defects

scholarly journals Baculovirus Entry into Human Hepatoma Cells

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (24) ◽  
pp. 15452-15459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heli Matilainen ◽  
Johanna Rinne ◽  
Leona Gilbert ◽  
Varpu Marjomäki ◽  
Hilkka Reunanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Intracellular Transport ◽  
Hepatoma Cells ◽  
Human Hepatoma ◽  
Human Hepatoma Cells ◽  
Double Labeling ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Mammalian Cell Lines ◽  
Early Endosomes

ABSTRACT Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV), a prototype member of the Baculoviridae family, has gained increasing interest as a potential vector candidate for mammalian gene delivery applications. AcMNPV is known to enter both dividing and nondividing mammalian cell lines in vitro, but the mode and kinetics of entry as well as the intracellular transport of the virus in mammalian cells is poorly understood. The general objective of this study was to characterize the entry steps of AcMNPV- and green fluorescent protein-displaying recombinant baculoviruses in human hepatoma cells. The viruses were found to bind and transduce the cell line efficiently, and electron microscopy studies revealed that virions were located on the cell surface in pits with an electron-dense coating resembling clathrin. In addition, virus particles were found in larger noncoated plasma membrane invaginations and in intracellular vesicles resembling macropinosomes. In double-labeling experiments, virus particles were detected by confocal microscopy in early endosomes at 30 min and in late endosomes starting at 45 min posttransduction. Viruses were also seen in structures specific for early endosomal as well as late endosomal/lysosomal markers by nanogold preembedding immunoelectron microscopy. No indication of viral entry into recycling endosomes or the Golgi complex was observed by confocal microscopy. In conclusion, these results suggest that AcMNPV enters mammalian cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and possibly via macropinocytosis. Thus, the data presented here should enable future design of baculovirus vectors suitable for more specific and enhanced delivery of genetic material into mammalian cells.

The Lyme Disease Spirochete, Borrelia Burgdorferi, Forms Spheroplasts In the Presence of Spingolipid Analogue Ppmp

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1136-1137
Author(s):  
Lori L. Lubke ◽  
Claude F. Garon
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eukaryotic Cell ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Multisystem Disorder

Lyme disease is the most common arthropod-borne infection in the United States. Over 100,000 cases have been reported to date. The disease is a multisystem disorder with dermatologic, neurologic and rheumatologic manifestations. The causative agent, Borrelia burgdorferi1has been isolated from ticks, animals and humans from around the world and can generally be cultured in the laboratory using BSK-II medium.While biologically significant concentrations of eukaryotic cell inhibitors such as aphidicolin, ara C, cis platinum, CPX, hydroxyurea, mimosine, nalidixic acid, trioxsalen and boromethyglycine showed little effect on the growth of Borrelia burgdorferiwhen added to BSK-II cultures, PPMP, a spingolipid analogue, showed immediate and profound inhibitory effects when monitored by dark-field microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by optical density measurements at 600 mμ. PPMP (dl-thzreo-l-phenyl-2-palmitoylamino-3-morpholino-l-propanol) is known to inhibit the synthesis of spingomyelin in Chinese hamster ovary cells and to inhibit the synthesis of glucosylceramides in a large variety of mammalian cells.

A New Approach to Assess Gold Nanoparticle Uptake by Mammalian Cells: Combining Optical Dark-Field and Transmission Electron Microscopy

Small ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (23) ◽  
pp. 3683-3690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Rosman ◽  
Sebastien Pierrat ◽  
Andreas Henkel ◽  
Marco Tarantola ◽  
David Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Gold Nanoparticle ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Nanoparticle Uptake ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Transmission Electron

scholarly journals Telophase disc: a new mammalian mitotic organelle that bisects telophase cells with a possible function in cytokinesis

1991 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.R. Andreassen ◽  
D.K. Palmer ◽  
M.H. Wener ◽  
R.L. Margolis
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Cold Temperature ◽  
Cell Cortex ◽  
Membrane Association ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Binucleate Cells ◽  
Late Anaphase

We have discovered a novel mitosis-specific human autoantigen that arises at the centromeres of prophase chromosomes, but ultimately participates in formation of an organelle that bisects the cell at late anaphase and during telophase. The organelle, discernible as a three-dimensional disc by confocal microscopy, encompasses the entire midzone diameter, and its distribution survives disassembly of interpolar microtubules by cold temperature treatment and detergent lysis of cells. Cytokinetic furrow contraction proceeds normally in dihydrocytochalasin B (DCB)-treated cells, and antigen distribution in the furrow is unaltered. In DCB, the furrow retracts in early interphase, coincident with loss of normal membrane association with the disc, resulting in the formation of binucleate cells. The midzone disc in both drug-treated and normal cells is present at the correct time and position to play a central role in cytokinesis. By immunocytochemistry, the disc appears to contain myosin but not actin. The position of the disc and the possible presence of myosin suggest that cytokinesis may involve the interaction of the disc organelle with actin in the cell cortex to produce cleavage in mammalian cells.

Direct optical detection of cell density and viability of mammalian cells by means of UV/VIS spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 412 (14) ◽  
pp. 3359-3371
Author(s):  
Tobias Drieschner ◽  
Edwin Ostertag ◽  
Barbara Boldrini ◽  
Anita Lorenz ◽  
Marc Brecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Optical Detection ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

Detection of Organelles in Myelinated Nerve Fibers by Dark-Field Microscopy

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Optical Detection ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Axial Motion ◽  
Myelinated Nerve ◽  
Myelinated Nerve Fibers ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Dark Field Microscopy

Dark-field microscopy improves the optical detection of intraaxonal organelles. In living myelinated nerve fibers of the adult rat and the adult toad, fast (approximately 1 μm/s) somatopetal and somatofugal movement of near-spherical particles was seen. Rod-shaped organelles were also detected in nerve fibers from both the rat and the toad, but these organelles showed no axial motion.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document