scholarly journals Renal pH Mapping Using Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) MRI: Experimental Protocol

2021 ◽  
pp. 455-471
Author(s):  
Kowsalya Devi Pavuluri ◽  
Lorena Consolino ◽  
Dario Livio Longo ◽  
Pietro Irrera ◽  
Phillip Zhe Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Exchange ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Environmental Variable ◽  
Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Saturation Transfer ◽  
Experimental Protocol ◽  
Cest Mri ◽  
Renal Mri

AbstractChemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is recognized as one of the premier methods for measuring pH with this environmental variable expected to be an excellent biomarker for kidney diseases. Here we describe step-by-step CEST MRI experimental protocols for producing pH and perfusion maps for monitoring kidney pH homeostasis in rodents after administering iopamidol as contrast agent. Several CEST techniques, acquisition protocols and ratiometric approaches are described. The impact of length of acquisition time on the quality of the maps is detailed. These methods may be useful for investigating progression in kidney disease in vivo for rodent models.This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This experimental protocol is complemented by two separate chapters describing the basic concepts and data analysis.

scholarly journals Renal pH Imaging Using Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) MRI: Basic Concept

2021 ◽  
pp. 241-256
Author(s):  
Dario Livio Longo ◽  
Pietro Irrera ◽  
Lorena Consolino ◽  
Phillip Zhe Sun ◽  
Michael T. McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Exchange ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer ◽  
Functional Information ◽  
Saturation Transfer ◽  
Ph Changes ◽  
Ph Imaging ◽  
Cest Mri ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Renal Mri

AbstractMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been actively explored in the last several decades for assessing renal function by providing several physiological information, including glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, tissue oxygenation and water diffusion. Within MRI, the developing field of chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) has potential to provide further functional information for diagnosing kidney diseases. Both endogenous produced molecules as well as exogenously administered CEST agents have been exploited for providing functional information related to kidney diseases in preclinical studies. In particular, CEST MRI has been exploited for assessing the acid-base homeostasis in the kidney and for monitoring pH changes in several disease models. This review summarizes several CEST MRI procedures for assessing kidney functionality and pH, for monitoring renal pH changes in different kidney injury models and for evaluating renal allograft rejection.This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This introduction chapter is complemented by two separate chapters describing the experimental procedure and data analysis.

scholarly journals Analysis Protocol for the Quantification of Renal pH Using Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) MRI

2021 ◽  
pp. 667-688
Author(s):  
Hahnsung Kim ◽  
Yin Wu ◽  
Daisy Villano ◽  
Dario Livio Longo ◽  
Michael T. McMahon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Exchange ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer ◽  
Saturation Transfer ◽  
Ph Imaging ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Cest Mri ◽  
Renal Mri ◽  
Analysis Protocol

AbstractThe kidney plays a major role in maintaining body pH homeostasis. Renal pH, in particular, changes immediately following injuries such as intoxication and ischemia, making pH an early biomarker for kidney injury before the symptom onset and complementary to well-established laboratory tests. Because of this, it is imperative to develop minimally invasive renal pH imaging exams and test pH as a new diagnostic biomarker in animal models of kidney injury before clinical translation. Briefly, iodinated contrast agents approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for computed tomography (CT) have demonstrated promise as novel chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI agents for pH-sensitive imaging. The generalized ratiometric iopamidol CEST MRI analysis enables concentration-independent pH measurement, which simplifies in vivo renal pH mapping. This chapter describes quantitative CEST MRI analysis for preclinical renal pH mapping, and their application in rodents, including normal conditions and acute kidney injury.This publication is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This analysis protocol chapter is complemented by two separate chapters describing the basic concepts and experimental procedure.

Progress toward quantitative in vivo chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 809-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Ji ◽  
Iris Yuwen Zhou ◽  
Bensheng Qiu ◽  
Phillip Zhe Sun
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Exchange ◽  
Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer ◽  
Saturation Transfer ◽  
Cest Mri

Assessment of in vivo degradation profiles of hyaluronic acid hydrogels using temporal evolution of chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI

Biomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 326-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Salman Shazeeb ◽  
Rubina Corazzini ◽  
Paul A. Konowicz ◽  
Robert Fogle ◽  
Dinesh S. Bangari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Chemical Exchange ◽  
Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer ◽  
Saturation Transfer ◽  
Cest Mri ◽  
In Vivo Degradation

scholarly journals A generalized ratiometric chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI approach for mapping renal pH using iopamidol

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 1553-1558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Wu ◽  
Iris Y. Zhou ◽  
Takahiro Igarashi ◽  
Dario L. Longo ◽  
Silvio Aime ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Exchange ◽  
Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer ◽  
Saturation Transfer ◽  
Cest Mri

Application of chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI in acute stroke to visualize tissue acidosis and infarction risk

2013 ◽  
Vol 333 ◽  
pp. e205
Author(s):  
J. Blicher ◽  
A. Tietze ◽  
I.K. Mikkelsen ◽  
L. Østergaard ◽  
M. Strother ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Chemical Exchange ◽  
Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer ◽  
Saturation Transfer ◽  
Cest Mri ◽  
Tissue Acidosis

scholarly journals Novel nanomedicine with a chemical-exchange saturation transfer effect for breast cancer treatment in vivo

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanlong Jia ◽  
Chaochao Wang ◽  
Jiehua Zheng ◽  
Guisen Lin ◽  
Dalong Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Chemical Exchange ◽  
Raft Polymerization ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer ◽  
Saturation Transfer ◽  
Cest Imaging

Abstract Background Nanomedicine is a promising new approach to cancer treatment that avoids the disadvantages of traditional chemotherapy and improves therapeutic indices. However, the lack of a real-time visualization imaging technology to monitor drug distribution greatly limits its clinical application. Image-tracked drug delivery is of great clinical interest; it is useful for identifying those patients for whom the therapy is more likely to be beneficial. This paper discusses a novel nanomedicine that displays features of nanoparticles and facilitates functional magnetic resonance imaging but is challenging to prepare. Results To achieve this goal, we synthesized an acylamino-containing amphiphilic block copolymer (polyethylene glycol-polyacrylamide-polyacetonitrile, PEG-b-P(AM-co-AN)) by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The PEG-b-P(AM-co-AN) has chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) effects, which enable the use of CEST imaging for monitoring nanocarrier accumulation and providing molecular information of pathological tissues. Based on PEG-b-P(AM-co-AN), a new nanomedicine PEG-PAM-PAN@DOX was constructed by nano-precipitation. The self-assembling nature of PEG-PAM-PAN@DOX made the synthesis effective, straightforward, and biocompatible. In vitro studies demonstrate decreased cytotoxicity of PEG-PAM-PAN@DOX compared to free doxorubicin (half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), mean ~ 0.62 μg/mL vs. ~ 5 μg/mL), and the nanomedicine more efficiently entered the cytoplasm and nucleus of cancer cells to kill them. Further, in vivo animal experiments showed that the nanomedicine developed was not only effective against breast cancer, but also displayed an excellent sensitive CEST effect for monitoring drug accumulation (at about 0.5 ppm) in tumor areas. The CEST signal of post-injection 2 h was significantly higher than that of pre-injection (2.17 ± 0.88% vs. 0. 09 ± 0.75%, p < 0.01). Conclusions The nanomedicine with CEST imaging reflects the characterization of tumors and therapeutic functions has great potential medical applications.

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