Currency Derivatives: Futures, Options and Swaps

2013 ◽  
pp. 317-351
Author(s):  
Keith Pilbeam
Keyword(s):  
Futures Options ◽  
Currency Derivatives

scholarly journals An Analysis of Foreign Exchange Risk Management: Techniques Employed in Indian Pharma Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-107
Author(s):  
Prakash Basanna ◽  
K. R. Pundareeka Vittala
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Foreign Exchange Risk ◽  
Futures Options ◽  
Currency Derivatives ◽  
Exchange Risk ◽  
Currency Exposure ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Exchange Risk Management

Foreign exchange risk management (FERM) involves using both internal and external techniques such as forwards, futures, options, and swaps that are called as currency derivatives. The firms with greater growth opportunities and tighter financial constraints are more inclined to use currency derivatives. The Forex market provides various derivative instruments to hedge against currency exposures such as currency forwards, options, futures, and swaps. The current article aims at studying various FERM techniques used in the Indian pharmaceutical industry and its impact on exchange gain/losses. For this purpose, foreign exchange cash flows arising out of imports and exports and exchange gain/losses of the companies during 2010–2017 of 10 sample companies chosen from the pharma industry are used. It is observed from the study that only two currencies—USD and EUR—hold command in the forex market and other currencies are being used minimally. It is also noted that there are several currency derivatives available to the business firms such as forwards, futures, options, and swaps for hedging currency exposure. However, among all these techniques, forward contract is considered to be an effective hedging tool and easier to understand.

scholarly journals The effect of procurement strategies of milling companies on the price of maize

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-157
Author(s):  
Willem Rossouw ◽  
Jacobus Young
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Price Risk ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Futures Options ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Derivative Instruments ◽  
Procurement Strategies ◽  
Price Risk Management

Since ultra-poor South Africans spend up to a fifth of their income on maize alone, the demand for this commodity is price-inelastic, i.e. consumers have no choice but to absorb price increases. As such the success of procurement strategies from milling companies will ultimately have a direct impact on the financial well-being of the poor. Even though derivative instruments are available to use as counter against market fluctuations, the price risk management success of groups with a concern on SAFEX suggests that this is not achieved as yet, ultimately to the detriment of consumers. The view exists that markets are efficient and the return offered by the futures exchange cannot consistently be outperformed. This paper argues the exact opposite, since the use of the proposed futures/options strategies result in returns superior to that of the market.

scholarly journals Challenges in currency derivatives management in the OTC market in Poland during the Covid-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 254-263
Author(s):  
Piotr Wybieralski
Keyword(s):  
Market Volatility ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Force Majeure ◽  
Early Settlement ◽  
Currency Derivatives ◽  
Volatility Analysis ◽  
Crisis Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: The aim of the chapter is to analyze the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and market volatility increase on risk management in the OTC derivatives market in Poland. Design/methodology/approach: The chapter describes the legal background of derivatives trading with non-financial enterprises, then identifies the main risks, and discusses possible actions of market participants. In this regard, the study conducts volatility analysis based on selected market data. Findings: Due to volatility increase and the resulting negative valuation of non-matured currency derivatives by Polish exporters, margin call clauses were triggered, entailing the need to post additional collateral or prematurely close contracts. The described situation is particularly difficult when the pre-settlement limit is fully utilized on deal date, usually in the case of long-lasting large open exposures in non-flexible transactions. Research implications: To determine market risk, studies often apply the VaR approach. Inthis way, the specific amount of risk is analyzed on adaily basis and used by banks both to determine the maximum amount of the contract and to control pre-settlement risk. Apart from many advantages of the VaR approach, there are some drawbacks, especially related to volatility estimation, which usually relies on historical market fluctuations. It may cause that the risk will not be properly valued under crisis conditions. In such situations, supplementary methods should be also implemented (stresstests). Practical implications: Under high market volatility, preventive actions should be prepared in advance, including treasury limit increase, additional funds for collaterals, or contracts modification (flexible products should be considered).Originality and value: The study covers a challenge that banks face, which is rarely described in professional literature but very serious for bank management. Under normal market conditions, if the margin call clause appears and no additional collateral is posted, the transaction should be closed to limit the counterparty’s loss. However, this type of action during the pandemic may impose the risk of force majeure. From the company perspective, using such instruments threatens their early settlement and the need to finance closeout amount.

Asymmetric Information and Corporate Risk Management by Using Foreign Currency Derivatives

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 1250004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingxuan Lin ◽  
Chen-Miao Lin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Asymmetric Information ◽  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Corporate Risk Management ◽  
Currency Derivatives ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Corporate Risk ◽  
Very High

We examine how information asymmetry affects a firm's incentive to hedge versus speculate by using foreign currency derivatives. We find a quadratic relation between asymmetric information and a firm's risk management activities. In particular, we find that the firms facing medium level of information asymmetry are more likely to hedge, while firms with very high and low levels of asymmetric information tend to speculate. Moreover, we find that our results hold primary for firms operating in highly competitive industries.

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