The World Bank and the Transformation of Latin American Society

1998 ◽  
pp. 96-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pitou van Dijck
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
American Society ◽  
Latin American Society

Government Regulation on Trial: Expropriation Claims against Latin American States at icsid

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-416
Author(s):  
Tafadzwa Pasipanodya
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
International Agreement ◽  
Member States ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
American States ◽  
The World ◽  
The 1960S

In the 1960s, all Latin American member states of the World Bank rejected a resolution recommending an international agreement that would create a center for arbitration in which private foreign investors could settle their disputes with member states. Nevertheless, the resolution was approved and the icsid Convention was born. Ironically, Latin American states – which later became party to the icsid Convention – have had to defend themselves against more expropriation claims before icsid than any other region. This paper analyzes these expropriation claims with a twofold goal. First, to highlight the cases against Latin American states that have been most influential in defining expropriation. And, second, to draw attention to those cases that have revived apprehension about Latin American states’ consent to be adjudged by icsid tribunals.

World Bank Directives, Domestic Interests, and the Politics of Human Capital Investment in Latin America

2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
WENDY HUNTER ◽  
DAVID S. BROWN
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

Recent studies underscore the importance of international organizations in transmitting norms, ideas, and values to developing countries. But has this diffusion influenced government policy in less developed countries? During the past two decades, the World Bank has emphasized the need for Third World governments to increase the stock of human capital by investing in education and health. Specifically, it has encouraged developing countries to shift an increasing share of their resources toward primary education. The authors examine 13 Latin American countries between 1980 and 1992 to establish the relationship between World Bank project lending and government investment in human capital. They combine time-series cross-sectional analysis with field research to evaluate the World Bank's influence on government spending on education and health. Although the World Bank may be successful in convincing developing country technocrats to “invest in people,” this research suggests that it is less successful in convincing the politicians who control the purse strings.

Rhetoric and Reality: The World Bank Development Policies, Mining Corporations, and Indigenous Communities in Latin America

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Munarriz
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Reforms ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
The World ◽  
Latin American Countries

AbstractRelying on critical legal approaches, in particular TWAIL and the work of Indigenous scholars, this paper analyzes the extent to which the World Bank's notion of "development" and its promotion of the expansion of market-based legal reforms in Latin American countries have benefited transnational corporations (TNCs) to the detriment of Indigenous Peoples. It argues that the World Bank's policy-based lending programmes and market-oriented legal framework since 1980 have contributed to an expansion of corporate mining activities, which have caused not only forced displacement and further impoverishment of numerous Indigenous communities but have also directly contributed to the destruction of their cultures and the environment they inhabit. Furthermore, the World Bank's normative operational policies and practices on issues affecting Indigenous Peoples have provided a legal framework and mechanisms that "manage" affected Indigenous communities in ways that further the dispossession of their lands and natural resources.

scholarly journals Caribbean development: an overview

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 45-62
Author(s):  
Paul Sutton
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Caribbean

Reviews development in the Caribbean, especially since 1990 to the present, and highlights future development prospects. Author discusses 2 reports from 2005 on present developments problems in the Caribbean region: the economics-focussed 'A time to choose: Caribbean development in the 21st century' by the World Bank, and the UN ECLAC report 'The Millennium Development Goals: a Latin American and Caribbean perspective', with a broader, also social and political, development agenda. He relates what both reports recommend for the Caribbean on the basis of their evaluations of past development. The World Bank report advocates a move toward the services sector, including tourism, offshore education, ICT services, and health services as most viable. The ECLAC report notes some social and political advances in comparison to other developing countries, but also remaining problems and inequalities. The author finds that the World Bank report's neoliberal, one-size-fits-all approach is not mindful of specific Caribbean realities, while the ECLAC study is more sensitive to local realities, and espouses a mixed economy. He thus considers the ECLAC approach preferable, but argues that it needs to go further, as it excludes Cuba and Haiti as atypical states.

scholarly journals INNOVATION EFFORTS OF COMPANIES IN LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 100-121
Author(s):  
Anderson Freitas dos Santos ◽  
Vitor da Silva Bittencourt ◽  
Priscila Rezende da Costa ◽  
Rony Castro Fernandes de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Size Perception ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Number Of Firms

In this study we examine the innovation efforts, accelerated internationalization, and relational triggers of companies in Latin American countries. It is the first time a study jointly and empirically assesses the perception of the seriousness of institutional obstacles and innovation efforts, considering as a unit of analysis a large number of firms from Latin American countries. We used a database from the World Bank (Environment Surveys) with 14,064 companies from 20 countries in Latin America, which answered questions related to their innovation efforts from 2006 to 2018. Introduction of new or significantly improved products and processes and investments in research and development (R&D) had the greatest validity and quality power in factor analysis performed for the construct “innovation efforts.”  We observed positive patterns of correlation between age, size, perception of the seriousness of institutional obstacles and innovation efforts. The results contribute to the structuring of professionalization, expansion, and maturation programs for Latin American businesses.

Caribbean development: an overview

2008 ◽  
Vol 80 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 45-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Sutton
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Caribbean

Reviews development in the Caribbean, especially since 1990 to the present, and highlights future development prospects. Author discusses 2 reports from 2005 on present developments problems in the Caribbean region: the economics-focussed 'A time to choose: Caribbean development in the 21st century' by the World Bank, and the UN ECLAC report 'The Millennium Development Goals: a Latin American and Caribbean perspective', with a broader, also social and political, development agenda. He relates what both reports recommend for the Caribbean on the basis of their evaluations of past development. The World Bank report advocates a move toward the services sector, including tourism, offshore education, ICT services, and health services as most viable. The ECLAC report notes some social and political advances in comparison to other developing countries, but also remaining problems and inequalities. The author finds that the World Bank report's neoliberal, one-size-fits-all approach is not mindful of specific Caribbean realities, while the ECLAC study is more sensitive to local realities, and espouses a mixed economy. He thus considers the ECLAC approach preferable, but argues that it needs to go further, as it excludes Cuba and Haiti as atypical states.

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