Trading the Rain: Should the World's Fresh Water Resources be an Internationally Traded Commodity?

2007 ◽  
pp. 269-281
Author(s):  
Joy Braunstein
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Fresh Water

USE AND PROTECTION OF WATER RESOURCES OF AZERBAIJAN

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramiz Tagirov ◽  
◽  
Maya Zeynalova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Active Temperature

The article examines the problem of fresh water, since in terms of water supply from its own resources per capita and per 1 km2, the republic is 8 times behind Georgia, 2 times behind Armenia. Significant water consumption in Azerbaijan is caused by its arid territory with a predominance of active temperature and a lack of precipitation, which leads to intensive irrigation of crops. At the same time, artificial irrigation is used on 70% of the cultivated land.

scholarly journals Water Governance and Water Management Systems in the Tekeze River Basin

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-449
Author(s):  
Getahun Antigegn Kumie
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Bilateral Agreements ◽  
Water Supply Management ◽  
Facility Maintenance

The fact that a lot of fresh water resources in Ethiopia are shared between several sovereign states creates a difficult situation in terms of water governance and management. Since there is no central agency that can regulate the utilization of water, the autonomous riparian actors pursue their respective interests. Water is shared at local, national and international levels; and difficulty in water supply management arises from lack of coordination between local, national and international authorities. Most of the Ethiopian rivers are trans-boundary, i.e. shared by several sovereign states. The purpose of this paper is to examine water governance and management systems in the Tekeze River basin. The author uses the qualitative research method to critically examine the existing scarce literature sources and governmental policy documents. The findings of the study revealed the absence of any kinds of bilateral agreements among the riparian states of the Tekeze River basin. As the water governance system in the region is highly politicized, there exists a certain clash of interests between the Tekeze River nations. The constant conflict in the region disrupts cooperation needed for facility maintenance in the Tekeze River basin. The problems in the area arise due to the following factors: no demarcated boundaries between the basin states; no effective water governance system, and, as a result, no efficient and cooperative utilization of fresh water resources; lack of institutional and legal arrangements between the major riparian states.

scholarly journals Bioenergy productivity of sugar beet irrigated with reclaimed wastewaters

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale Campi ◽  
Alejandra Navarro ◽  
A. Domenico Palumbo ◽  
Marcello Mastrangelo ◽  
Antonio Lonigro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Reclamation Process

The use of treated wastewater to irrigate the sugar beet (<em>Beta</em> <em>Vulgaris</em> L. var. saccharifera) for bioethanol could play a strategic role to contrast the use of natural water resources and increase the productivity of the crop. The 2-year experiment (2013-2014) was performed on sugar beet irrigated with fresh water and wastewater at different steps of the reclamation process (secondary and tertiary treatments). The data obtained showed that the root sugar beet yield and ethanol production under fresh water treatment (52.2 Mg ha<sup>–1</sup> and 5446 L ha<sup>–1</sup>) were lower respect to that obtained from the secondary and tertiary wastewater treatments (66.7 Mg ha<sup>–1</sup> and 6785 L ha<sup>–1</sup>, and 58.7 Mg h<sup>–1</sup> and 6164 L ha<sup>–1</sup>, respectively), with the same irrigation volumes. These results can depend on the higher quantity of nutrient uptake when wastewater is used for irrigation. In particular, the average N applied (as nitrate and ammonium) with irrigation during the growing seasons (2013 and 2014) was corresponding to the supply of 4, 28 and 20 kg ha<sup>–1</sup>, for the fresh water, secondary, and tertiary wastewater treatments, respectively.

scholarly journals Assessing risk to fresh water resources from long term CO2 injection–laboratory and field studies

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1957-1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca C. Smyth ◽  
Susan D. Hovorka ◽  
Jiemin Lu ◽  
Katherine D. Romanak ◽  
Judson W. Partin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Co2 Injection

The Law of International Watercourses

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
McCaffrey Stephen C
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
International Law ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
International Rivers ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Legal Context ◽  
Precious Resource ◽  
The Law ◽  
Procedural Rights

This book is an authoritative guide to the rules of international law governing the navigational and non-navigational uses of international rivers, lakes, and groundwater. The continued growth of the world’s population places increasing demands on Earth’s finite supplies of fresh water. Because two or more States share many of the world’s most important drainage basins, competition for increasingly scarce fresh water resources will only increase. Agreements between the States sharing international watercourses are negotiated, and disputes over shared water are resolved, against the backdrop of the rules of international law governing the use of this precious resource. The basic legal rules governing the use of shared freshwater for purposes other than navigation are reflected in the 1997 UN Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses. This book devotes a chapter to the 1997 Convention but also examines the factual and legal context in which the Convention should be understood, considers the more important rules of the Convention in some depth, and discusses specific issues that could not be addressed in a framework instrument of that kind. It reviews the major cases and controversies concerning international watercourses as a background against which to consider the basic substantive and procedural rights and obligations of States in the field. This new edition covers the implications of the 1997 Convention coming into force in August 2014, and the compatibility of the 1997 and 1992 Conventions.

scholarly journals Recent Developments in Solar Thermal Desalination Technologies: A Review

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihsan Ullah ◽  
Mohammad Rasul
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Grid Infrastructure ◽  
The World ◽  
Thermal Desalination ◽  
Recent Developments

Fresh water resources are depleting rapidly as the water demand around the world continues to increase. Fresh water resources are also not equally distributed geographically worldwide. The best way to tackle this situation is to use solar energy for desalination to not only cater for the water needs of humanity, but also to offset some detrimental environmental effects of desalination. A comprehensive review of the latest literature on various desalination technologies utilizing solar energy is presented here. This paper also highlights the environmental impacts of desalination technologies along with an economic analysis and cost comparison of conventional desalination methods with different solar energy based technologies. This review is part of an investigation into integration of solar thermal desalination into existing grid infrastructure in the Australian context.

Effects of Sea Water Canals on Fresh Water Resources: An Example from Big Pine Key, Florida

Ground Water ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.D. Langevin ◽  
M.T. Stewart ◽  
C.M. Beaudoin
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Canals
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