Effects of Sea Water Canals on Fresh Water Resources: An Example from Big Pine Key, Florida

Ground Water ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.D. Langevin ◽  
M.T. Stewart ◽  
C.M. Beaudoin
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Canals

New Non-Grid Wind Power Desalination Systems Research

2014 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 970-974
Author(s):  
Gang Wang ◽  
Jian Zhong Shi
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Systems Research

the large-scale application of non-grid-connected wind power in sea water desalination industry has not only solved the difficulty in grid connection of wind power, but also can be an inexhaustible clean energy supply for the sea water desalination. Such application, breaking through the traditional sea water desalination technology and wind power development ideas and realizing the 100% local use of renewable energies, is a perfect combination of the new energy industry and the power consumption industry. The large-scale industrialization application of non-grid-connected wind power sea water desalination can not only maximize the efficiency of wind power and realize the unification of social benefit, environmental benefit and economic benefit, but also is of great strategic significance in accelerating the transformation of the economic development mode of China, and meanwhile, plays a leading role in the diversified development of the world wind power industry. 1. High-energy consumption factors restrict the development of sea water desalination Sea water desalination is a source-opening incremental technology for realizing the utilization of water resources, which can increase the total amount of fresh water and is not limited by time, space and climate with good water quality, and can guarantee the stable water supply of drinking water for coastal residents and industrial water supplementation. Since sea water desalination is the substitutional and incremental technology of fresh water resources, many countries are attaching more and more importance on it. With the rapid development of the economy and society of China, especially with the acceleration of urbanization, some coastal developed areas and large cities near the sea are having a greater and greater demand on water resources. In this condition, the development of sea water desalination has a great strategic significance in the supplementation of water resources in the sustainable development process of these areas[1,2].

scholarly journals Investigation into Groundwater Resources in Southern Part of the Red River’s Delta Plain, Vietnam by the Use of Isotopic Techniques

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van Lam ◽  
Van Hoan ◽  
Duc Nhan
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
High Rate ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Delta Plain ◽  
Pleistocene Aquifer

Groundwater in the Red River’s delta plain, North Vietnam, was found in Holocene, Pleistocene, Neogene and Triassic aquifers in fresh, brackish and saline types with a total dissolved solids (TDS) content ranging from less than 1 g L−1 to higher than 3 g L−1. Saline water exists inHolocene aquifer, but fresh and brackish water exist in Pleistocene, Neogene and Triassic aquifers. This study aims at the investigation into genesis and processes controlling quality of water resources in the region. For this isotopic, combined with geochemical techniques were applied. The techniques include: (i) measurement of water’s isotopic compositions (δ2H, δ18O) in water; (ii) determination of water’s age by the 3H- and 14C-dating method, and (iii) chemical analyses for main cations and anions in water. Results obtained revealed that saline water in Holocene aquifer was affected by seawater intrusion, fresh water in deeper aquifers originated from meteoric water but with old ages, up to 10,000–14,000 yr. The recharge area of fresh water is from the northwest highland at an altitude of 140–160m above sea level. The recharge water flows northwesterly towards southeasterly to the seacoast at a rate of 2.5m y−1. Chemistry of water resources in the study region is controlled by ferric, sulfate and nitrate reduction with organic matters as well as dissolution of inorganic carbonate minerals present in the sediment deposits. Results of isotopic signatures in water from Neogene, Triassic and Pleistocene aquifers suggested the three aquifers are connected to each other due to the existence of faults and fissures in Mesozoic basement across the delta region in combination with high rate of groundwater mining. Moreover, the high rate of freshwater abstraction from Pleistocene aquifer currently causes sea water to flow backwards to production well field located in the center of the region.

A Proposed System for Desalination

1976 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 665-669
Author(s):  
M. G. Morsy
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Substantial Saving ◽  
Distillation System ◽  
Agricultural Use

Despite the fact that the world's need for fresh water is becoming more urgent, the ability to desalinate economically on a large scale still remains a goal rather than a reality. Distillation systems are by far the most widely employed systems for sea water desalination. However, the relatively high costs of these systems' products limits their competence with natural water resources, particularly for agricultural use. In this paper a distillation system is proposed. The system gives high performance ratios at low flashing ranges, which leads to a substantial saving in the distillation plants running costs. The analyses showed that the system has big thermodynamic potentialities.

USE AND PROTECTION OF WATER RESOURCES OF AZERBAIJAN

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramiz Tagirov ◽  
◽  
Maya Zeynalova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Active Temperature

The article examines the problem of fresh water, since in terms of water supply from its own resources per capita and per 1 km2, the republic is 8 times behind Georgia, 2 times behind Armenia. Significant water consumption in Azerbaijan is caused by its arid territory with a predominance of active temperature and a lack of precipitation, which leads to intensive irrigation of crops. At the same time, artificial irrigation is used on 70% of the cultivated land.

LUMINESCENCE OF THE BLACK SEA MICROSCOPIC FUNGI CULTURES

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Mashukova ◽  
Olga Mashukova ◽  
Yuriy Tokarev ◽  
Yuriy Tokarev ◽  
Nadejda Kopytina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Control Culture ◽  
Chemical Stimulation ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Given ◽  
First Time

We studied for the first time luminescence characteristics of the some micromycetes, isolated from the bottom sediments of the Black sea from the 27 m depth. Luminescence parameters were registered at laboratory complex “Svet” using mechanical and chemical stimulations. Fungi cultures of genera Acremonium, Aspergillus, Penicillium were isolated on ChDA medium which served as control. Culture of Penicillium commune gave no light emission with any kind of stimulation. Culture of Acremonium sp. has shown luminescence in the blue – green field of spectrum. Using chemical stimulation by fresh water we registered signals with luminescence energy (to 3.24 ± 0.11)•108 quantum•cm2 and duration up to 4.42 s, which 3 times exceeded analogous magnitudes in a group, stimulated by sea water (p < 0.05). Under chemical stimulation by ethyl alcohol fungi culture luminescence was not observed. Culture of Aspergillus fumigatus possessed the most expressed properties of luminescence. Stimulation by fresh water culture emission with energy of (3.35 ± 0.11)•108 quantum•cm2 and duration up to 4.96 s. Action of ethyl alcohol to culture also stimulated signals, but intensity of light emission was 3–4 times lower than under mechanical stimulation. For sure the given studies will permit not only to evaluate contribution of marine fungi into general bioluminescence of the sea, but as well to determine places of accumulation of opportunistic species in the sea.

Reosquido Desalinasi Metode Evaporasi dengan Ultraviolet Berbasis Mikrokontroller

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdul Azis ◽  
Nuryake Fajaryati
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Evaporation Process ◽  
Heater Element ◽  
The Third ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Arduino Uno

This research aims to create a Reosquido desalination tool for evaporation methods using a microcontroller. This tool can control the temperature to speed up the evaporation process in producing fresh water. The method applied to Reosquido desalination uses Evaporation. The first process before evaporation is the detection of temperature in sea water that will be heated using an element heater. The second process of temperature measurement is to turn off and turn on the Arduino Uno controlled heater, when the temperature is less than 80 ° then the heater is on. The third process is evaporation during temperatures between 80 ° to 100 °, evaporation water sticks to the glass roof which is designed by pyramid. Evaporated water that flows into the reservoir is detected by its solubility TDS value. The fourth process is heater off when the temperature is more than 100 °. Based on the results of the testing, the desalination process using a microcontroller controlled heater can speed up the time up to 55% of the previous desalination process tool, namely manual desalination prsoes without using the heater element controlled by the temperature and controlled by a microcontroller which takes 9 hours. Produces fresh water as much as 30ml from 3000ml of sea water, so that it can be compared to 1: 100.

Solar Water Distillation Using Two Different Phase Change Materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 592-594 ◽  
pp. 2409-2415 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Naga Sarada ◽  
Banoth Hima Bindu ◽  
Sri Rama R. Devi ◽  
Ravi Gugulothu
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Water Distillation ◽  
The World

In recent years with the exacerbation of energy shortage, water crisis increases around the world. With the continuous increase in the level of greenhouse gas emissions, the use of various sources of renewable energy is increasingly becoming important for sustainable development. Due to the rising oil price and environmental regulations, the demand of utilizing alternative power sources increased dramatically. Alternative energy and its applications have been heavily studied for the last decade. Energy and water are essential for mankind that influences the socioeconomic development of any nation. Pure water resources become more and more scarce every day as rivers, lakes wells and even seawater pollution rapidly increases. Solar energy is one promising solution to secure power and potable water to future generation. The process of distillation can be used to obtain fresh water from salty, brackish or contaminated water. Water is available in different forms such as sea water, underground water, surface water and atmospheric water. Clean water is essential for good health. The search for sustainable energy resources has emerged as one of the most significant and universal concerns in the 21st century. Solar energy conversion offers a cost effective alternative to our traditional usages. Solar energy is a promising candidate in many applications. Among the alternative energy sources used for electricity production, wind and solar energy systems have become more attractive in recent years. For areas where electricity was not available, stand alone wind and solar systems have been increasingly used. The shortage of drinking water in many countries throughout the world is a serious problem. Humankind has depended for ages on river, sea water and underground water reservoirs for its fresh water needs. But these sources do not always prove to be useful due to the presence of excessive salinity in the water. To resolve this crisis, different methods of solar desalination have been used in many countries. Distillation is a well known thermal process for water purification, most importantly, water desalination. Most of the conventional water distillation processes are highly energy consuming and require fossil fuels as well as electric power for their operation. Single basin solar still is a popular solar device used for converting available brackish or waste water into potable water. Because of its lower productivity, it is not popularly used. Numbers of works are under taken to improve the productivity and efficiency of the solar still. There are large numbers of PCMs that melt and solidify at wide range of temperatures, making them attractive in a number of applications. PCMs have been widely used in latent heat thermal storage systems for heat pumps, solar engineering and spacecraft thermal control applications. The use of PCMs for heating and cooling applications for buildings has been investigated within the past decade. The experimental results computed in the field of water distillation process using solar energy in the presence of energy storage materials sodium sulphate and sodium acetate are discussed in this paper. Keywords: solar energy, saline water, distillation, phase change material.

Food-deprivation affects seawater acclimation in tilapia: hormonal and metabolic changes

1996 ◽  
Vol 199 (11) ◽  
pp. 2467-2475 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Vijayan ◽  
J Morgan ◽  
T Sakamoto ◽  
E Grau ◽  
G Iwama
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Nutritional State ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Seawater Acclimation

We tested the hypothesis that nutritional state affects seawater acclimation by transferring either fed or food-deprived (2 weeks) male tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) from fresh water to full-strength sea water. Food-deprivation resulted in a significant increase in plasma concentrations of Na+, Cl-, cortisol, glucose, total amino acid, glutamate, serine and alanine, and in hepatic pyruvate kinase (PK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, whereas the prolactin-188 to prolactin-177 ratio (tPRL188:tPRL177) and plasma prolactin-188 (tPRL188), lactate, arginine and hepatic glycogen content and hepatic alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT) and 3-hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase (HOAD) activities were lower than in the fed group. Seawater transfer significantly increased the tPRL188:tPRL177 ratio and plasma concentrations of Na+, Cl-, K+, growth hormone (GH), glucose, aspartate, tyrosine, alanine, methionine, phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine and valine levels as well as gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity and hepatic PK and LDH activities, whereas plasma tPRL177, tPRL188, glycine and lysine concentrations were significantly lower than in fish retained in fresh water. There was a significant interaction between nutritional state and salinity that affected the tPRL188:tPRL177 ratio and plasma concentrations of Cl-, GH, glucose, aspartate, tyrosine, serine, alanine, glycine, arginine and hepatic PK, LDH, AlaAT, aspartate aminotransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase and HOAD activities. These results, taken together, indicate that food-deprived fish did not regulate their plasma Cl- levels, despite an enhancement of plasma hormonal and metabolic responses in sea water. Our study also suggests the possibility that plasma prolactin and essential amino acids may be playing an important role in the seawater acclimation process in tilapia.

Hygienic Aspects of the Use of Desalinated Sea Water for Drinking and Household Purposes: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
OO Sinitsyna ◽  
VV Turbinsky ◽  
TM Ryashentseva ◽  
EP Lavrik
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Seawater Desalination ◽  
Preliminary Preparation ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Desalination Plants

Background. Uneven distribution of fresh water sources on the land surface encourages a search for effective techniques of potable water preparation by desalination of seawater. Hygienic issues of such desalination methods as distillation, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, and ion exchange have been investigated by now and appropriate limitations, requirements, and additional measures to ensure safety of desalinated drinking water have been established. Objective. To summarize and systematize the results of studying characteristics of various methods of seawater desalination for its further use for drinking and household purposes. Materials and methods. We conducted a systematic review of studies published in Russian and in English, found in the PubMed and Web of Science databases, and selected 40 literary sources containing an empirical assessment of effectiveness of seawater desalination and preparation of drinking water. We also scrutinized regulatory documents and guidelines of domestic sanitary legislation. The research results were systematized by the main desalination methods. Results and discussion. We established that the use of seawater for the preparation of fresh water for drinking and household purposes is becoming increasingly widespread around the world. Drinking water obtained from seawater, in all cases, requires additional treatment and measures to optimize its mineral composition and protect against microorganisms. Conclusion. The main challenges of ensuring sanitary and epidemiological wellbeing of the population when using desalinated seawater for drinking and household purposes include selection of a source, arrangement of sites of water intake properly protected from natural and man-made pollution, substantiation of techniques and modes of preliminary preparation of source seawater adequate to its composition, basic desalination, ensuring safety of products of destruction and migration of toxic substances from reagents and materials of desalination plants, additional conditioning with the necessary elements and disinfection of the prepared water, as well as environmental protection from desalination waste.

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