Continuum of Type I Somatic to Type II Dendritic PRCs; Phase Response Properties of a Morphologically Reconstructed Globus Pallidus Neuron Model

2011 ◽  
pp. 307-325
Author(s):  
Nathan W. Schultheiss
Keyword(s):  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Neuron Model ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Response Properties ◽  
Globus Pallidus Neuron

Electrophysiology of globus pallidus neurons in vitro

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 1127-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nambu ◽  
R. Llinas
Keyword(s):  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Input Resistance ◽  
Repetitive Firing ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Low Threshold ◽  
Membrane Oscillations ◽  
Neuronal Type ◽  
A Current ◽  
Membrane Level

1. We investigated the electrical properties of globus pallidus neurons intracellularly using brain slices from adult guinea pigs. Three types of neurons were identified according to their intrinsic electrophysiological properties. 2. Type I neurons (59%) were silent at the resting membrane level (-65 +/- 10 mV, mean +/- SD) and generated a burst of spikes, with strong accommodation, to depolarizing current injection. Calcium-dependent low-frequency (1-8 Hz) membrane oscillations were often elicited by membrane depolarization (-53 +/- 8 mV). A low-threshold calcium conductance and an A-current were also identified. The mean input resistance of this neuronal type was 70 +/- 22 M omega. 3. Type II neurons (37%) fired spontaneously at the resting membrane level (-59 +/- 9 mV). Their repetitive firing (< or = 200 Hz) was very sensitive to the amplitude of injected current and showed weak accommodation. Sodium-dependent high-frequency (20-100 Hz) subthreshold membrane oscillations were often elicited by membrane depolarization. This neuronal type demonstrated a low-threshold calcium spike and had the highest input resistance (134 +/- 62 M omega) of the three neuron types. 4. Type III neurons (4%) did not fire spontaneously at the resting membrane level (-73 +/- 5 mV). Their action potentials were characterized by a long duration (2.3 +/- 0.6 ms). Repetitive firing elicited by depolarizing current injection showed weak or no accommodation. This neuronal type had an A-current and showed the lowest input resistance (52 +/- 35 M omega) of the three neuron types. 5. Stimulation of the caudoputamen evoked inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) in Type I and II neurons. In Type II neurons the IPSPs were usually followed by rebound firing. Excitatory postsynaptic potentials and antidromic responses were also elicited in some Type I and II neurons. The estimated conduction velocity of the striopallidal projection was < 1 m/s (Type I neurons, 0.49 +/- 0.37 m/s; Type II neurons, 0.33 +/- 0.13 m/s).

Interleukin 1 binding to its type I, but not type II receptor, modulates the in vivo acute phase response

Cytokine ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 510-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hester S.A. Oldenburg ◽  
Hester S.A. Oldenburg ◽  
Jeffrey H. Pruitt ◽  
Douglas D. Lazarus ◽  
Douglas D. Lazarus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii

scholarly journals Converting a globus pallidus neuron model from 585 to 6 compartments using an evolutionary algorithm

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Hendrickson ◽  
Jeremy Edgerton ◽  
Cengiz Gunay ◽  
Nathan Schultheiss ◽  
Dieter Jaeger
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Algorithm ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Neuron Model ◽  
Globus Pallidus Neuron

Encoding of head acceleration in vestibular neurons. I. Spatiotemporal response properties to linear acceleration

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 2039-2055 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Bush ◽  
A. A. Perachio ◽  
D. E. Angelaki
Keyword(s):  
Semicircular Canal ◽  
Linear Acceleration ◽  
Vestibular Nuclei ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Head Acceleration ◽  
Null Direction ◽  
Response Properties ◽  
Spatiotemporal Response ◽  
Horizontal Head

1. Extracellular recordings were made in and around the medial vestibular nuclei in decerebrated rats. Neurons were functionally identified according to their semicircular canal input on the basis of their responses to angular head rotations around the yaw, pitch, and roll head axes. Those cells responding to angular acceleration were classified as either horizontal semicircular canal-related (HC) or vertical semicircular canal-related (VC) neurons. The HC neurons were further characterized as either type I or type II, depending on the direction of rotation producing excitation. Cells that lacked a response to angular head acceleration, but exhibited sensitivity to a change in head position, were classified as purely otolith organ-related (OTO) neurons. All vestibular neurons were then tested for their response to sinusoidal linear translation in the horizontal head plane. 2. Convergence of macular and canal inputs onto central vestibular nuclei neurons occurred in 73% of the type I HC, 79% of the type II HC, and 86% of the VC neurons. Out of the 223 neurons identified as receiving macular input, 94 neurons were further studied, and their spatiotemporal response properties to sinusoidal stimulation with pure linear acceleration were quantified. Data were obtained from 33 type I HC, 22 type II HC, 22 VC, and 17 OTO neurons. 3. For each neuron the angle of the translational stimulus vector was varied by 15, 30, or 45 degrees increments in the horizontal head plane. In all tested neurons, a direction of maximum sensitivity was identified. An interesting difference among neurons was their response to translation along the direction perpendicular to that that produced the maximum response ("null" direction). For the majority of neurons tested, it was possible to evoke a nonzero response during stimulation along the null direction always had response phases that varied as a function of stimulus direction. 4. These spatiotemporal response properties were quantified in two independent ways. First, the data were evaluated on the basis of the traditional one-dimensional principle governed by the "cosine gain rule" and constant response phase at different stimulus orientations. Second, the response gain and phase values that were empirically determined for each orientation of the applied linear stimulus vector were fitted on the basis of a newly developed formalism that treats neuronal responses as exhibiting two-dimensional spatial sensitivity. Thus two response vectors were determined for each neuron on the basis of its response gain and phase at different stimulus directions in the horizontal head plane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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