Interacting Roles of Diet, Cortisol Levels, and Parasites in Determining Population Density of Belizean Howler Monkeys in a Hurricane Damaged Forest Fragment

2013 ◽  
pp. 447-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison M. Behie ◽  
Mary S. M. Pavelka
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Howler Monkeys ◽  
Cortisol Levels

scholarly journals Interacting effects of forest fragmentation and howler monkey foraging on germination and disperal of fig seeds

Oryx ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Serio-Silva ◽  
Victor Rico-Gray
Keyword(s):  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Alouatta Palliata ◽  
Howler Monkey ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Howler Monkeys ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Dispersal Distances ◽  
Alouatta Palliata Mexicana ◽  
Fragmented Forests ◽  
Individual Trees

We studied changes in germination rates and dispersal distance of seeds of Ficus perforata and F. lundelli dispersed by howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata mexicana), in a small (40 ha) ‘disturbed’ and a larger (>600 ha) ‘preserved’ tropical rainforest in southern Veracruz, Mexico. The interaction between A. p. mexicana and Ficus (Urostigma) spp. is beneficial for the interacting species and has important implications for their conservation. Howler monkeys gain from the ingestion of an important food source, germination rates of Ficus seeds are improved by passage through the monkeys' digestive tract, and the seeds are more likely to be deposited in a site suitable for germination and development. Seed dispersal distances are relatively larger in the preserved site, with both the size of the forest area and the spatial pattern of Ficus affecting the dispersal process. In a large forest fragment with ‘regularly’ distributed Ficus individuals the howler monkeys move away from the seed source, increasing the probability that the seeds are desposited on a tree other than Ficus, which is important for the germination and future development of a hemiepiphytic species. In a small forest fragment with trees distributed in clumps howlers repeatedly use the same individual trees, and faeces containing seeds may be dropped on unsuitable trees more often. These are key issues when addressing conservation policies for fragmented forests.

Use of space, activity patterns, and foraging behavior of red howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) in an Andean forest fragment in Colombia

2011 ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Palma ◽  
Adriana Vélez ◽  
Carolina Gómez-Posada ◽  
Harrison López ◽  
Diego A. Zárate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Alouatta Seniculus ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Howler Monkeys ◽  
Use Of Space ◽  
Space Activity ◽  
Red Howler Monkeys ◽  
Red Howler

scholarly journals Earthworm communities in organic and conventional coffee cultivation

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 928-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Luise Carolina Bartz ◽  
George Gardner Brown ◽  
Amarildo Pasini ◽  
Juliana de Oliveira Fernandes ◽  
Pierre Curmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Soil Biology ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Organic Cultivation ◽  
Earthworm Biomass ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Coffee Cultivation ◽  
Organic Coffee

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of organic and conventional coffee crops on biomass, population density and diversity of earthworms, in Lerroville, district of Londrina County, Paraná state, Brazil. Earthworm communities were sampled in three areas with organic coffee cultivation (CO1, CO2 and CO3), two with conventional coffee (CC1 and CC2), and a native forest fragment (MT). The soil of the areas CO1, CC1, and MT was classified as Nitossolo Vermelho (Rhodic Kandiudox), while CO2, CO3, and CC2 were on Latossolo Vermelho (Rhodic Hapludox). Eight samples were taken in each area on two occasions, winter and summer, using the Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (TSBF) method in the 0-20 cm soil layer. The earthworms were handsorted and preserved in 4% formaldehyde, and were later weighed, counted and identified. The highest earthworm biomass, both in winter and summer, occurred in the CO3 area. For population density, the higher numbers of individuals were found in CO1 and CO3. The highest number of species was identified in the organic cultivation. The adoption of organic practices in coffee cultivation favored the diversity, density and biomass of earthworm communities.

Sources of variation in fecal cortisol levels in howler monkeys in belize

2010 ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison M. Behie ◽  
Mary S.M. Pavelka ◽  
Colin A. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Howler Monkeys ◽  
Fecal Cortisol ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Cortisol Levels

scholarly journals Population genetics and abundance of the Endangered grey-headed lemur Eulemur cinereiceps in south-east Madagascar: assessing risks for fragmented and continuous populations

Oryx ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick A. Brenneman ◽  
Steig E. Johnson ◽  
Carolyn A. Bailey ◽  
Christina Ingraldi ◽  
Kira E. Delmore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Population Biology ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Eulemur Cinereiceps

AbstractKnowledge of both population size and genetic diversity is critical for assessing extinction risk but few studies include concurrent estimates of these two components of population biology. We conducted an investigation of population density and size, and genetic variation and past demographic events, of the Endangered grey-headed lemur Eulemur cinereiceps in south-east Madagascar. We estimated lemur density using line-transect surveys and used satellite imagery to calculate forest fragment area in three localities. We collected tissue samples from 53 individuals and used 26 polymorphic microsatellite loci to obtain measures of population structure (divergence and diversity) across these localities. We tested the probability of past bottleneck events using three models. Contrary to expectation, there were no significant differences in population density across localities. Genetic diversity decreased, but not significantly, with decreasing habitat area and population size. We found a higher likelihood of past bottleneck events in the fragmented coastal populations. The low population size and prior decline in diversity in coastal patches are consistent with their isolation, anthropogenic disturbance, and exposure to cyclone activity. The similarities in the estimates of density between continuous and fragmented sites may indicate recent population growth in the fragments but these populations nevertheless remain at risk from reduced levels of genetic variation. These patterns should be confirmed with more extensive sampling across the limited range of E. cinereiceps.

Behavioral and physiological responses to subgroup size and number of people in howler monkeys inhabiting a forest fragment used for nature-based tourism

2013 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 1108-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana R. Aguilar-Melo ◽  
Ellen Andresen ◽  
Jurgi Cristóbal-Azkarate ◽  
Victor Arroyo-Rodríguez ◽  
Roberto Chavira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Howler Monkeys ◽  
Subgroup Size
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