A Computational Model of Birdsong Learning by Auditory Experience and Auditory Feedback

Auditory feedback experience in phonetic development: Evidence from preschoolers with cochlear implants and their normal-hearing peers

10.31234/osf.io/ek7zs ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Meg Cychosz ◽

Benjamin Munson ◽

Rochelle Newman ◽

jan edwards

Keyword(s):

Motor Control ◽

Cochlear Implants ◽

Auditory Feedback ◽

Developmentally Appropriate ◽

Potential Effect ◽

Speech Development ◽

Chronological Age ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Auditory Experience

Previous work has found that preschoolers with greater phonological awareness and larger lexicons, who vocalize more throughout the day, exhibit less intra-syllabic coarticulation in controlled speech production tasks. These findings suggest that both linguistic experience and speech motor control are important predictors of spoken phonetic development. Still, it remains unclear how preschoolers' speech practice during vocalizations drives the development of coarticulation because children who vocalize more are likely to have both increased fine motor control and increased auditory feedback experience. Here, the potential effect of auditory feedback is studied by examining a population---children with cochlear implants---naturally differing in auditory experience. Results show that (1) developmentally-appropriate coarticulation improves with increased hearing age, but not chronological age, (2) children with cochlear implants pattern coarticulatorily closer to their younger, hearing age-matched peers than chronological age-matched peers, and (3) the effects of vocalization practice on coarticulation only appear in the children with cochlear implants after several years of hearing experience. Together, these results indicate a strong role of auditory feedback experience upon coarticulation and suggest that parent-child communicative exchanges could stimulate children's own vocal output driving speech development.

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Age effect of deafening on stereotyped song maintenance in adult male bengalese finches Lonchura striata domestica

Current Zoology ◽

10.1093/czoolo/55.3.212 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 212-218

Author(s):

Yingyu Sun ◽

Rui Wang ◽

Shuli Shao ◽

Shaoju Zeng ◽

Mingxue Zuo

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Auditory Feedback ◽

General Rule ◽

Age Effect ◽

Vocal Behavior ◽

Zebra Finches ◽

Age Dependency ◽

General Phenomenon ◽

Old Adults ◽

Auditory Experience

Abstract Birdsong is a complex learned vocal behavior that relies on auditory experience for development. However, it appears that among different species of close-ended songbirds, there are some variations in the necessity of auditory feedback for maintaining stereotyped adult song. In zebra finches, the deterioration of adult songs following deafness depends on the birds’ age. It is unknown whether this age effect is a general rule in other avian species as well. Therefore, we chose Bengalese finches, whose songs show more complexity and have much heavier dependency on auditory feedback than that of zebra finches, to compare the degree of song degradation after hearing loss in old (over 18 months old) and young adult birds (5 - 6 months old). We found that both syllable sequence and syllable phonology were much less severely affected by deafening in old adults than that in young ones. Moreover, young adults almost lost their capability to sing trills over 6 months following deafening, while old birds continued to sing plenty of trills and trilled syllables after the same period of deafening. Our results suggest that age plays an important role in affecting the dependency of adult song maintenance on auditory feedback in Bengalese finches. Furthermore, the age dependency may be a general phenomenon in different species of close-ended songbirds.

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Delayed Auditory Feedback with Different Delay Times at Each Ear

Journal of Speech and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.0704.369 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 369-371

Author(s):

Samuel Fillenbaum

Keyword(s):

Delay Interval ◽

Auditory Feedback ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Delayed Auditory Feedback ◽

Delay Times

Binaurally asynchronous delayed auditory feedback (DAF) was compared with synchronous DAF in 80 normal subjects. Asynchronous DAF (0.10 sec difference) did not yield results different from those obtained under synchronous DAF with a 0.20 sec delay interval, an interval characteristically resulting in maximum disruptions in speech.

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Effects of Noise and Increased Vocal Intensity on Stuttering

Journal of Speech and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.2002.233 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 233-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Sharon F. Garber ◽

Richard R. Martin

Keyword(s):

Normal Level ◽

Auditory Feedback ◽

Concomitant Increase ◽

Vocal Intensity ◽

Presence And Absence

The present study was designed to assess the effects of increased vocal level on stuttering in the presence and absence of noise, and to assess the effects of noise on stuttering with and without a concomitant increase in vocal level. Accordingly, eight adult stutterers spoke in quiet with normal vocal level, in quiet with increased vocal level, in noise with normal level, and in noise with increased level. All subjects reduced stuttering in noise compared with quiet conditions. However, there was no difference in stuttering when subjects spoke with normal compared with increased vocal level. In the present study, reductions in stuttering under noise could not be explained by increases in vocal level. It appears, instead, that reductions in stuttering were related to a decrease in auditory feedback. The condition which resulted in the largest decrease in auditory feedback, speaking in noise with a normal level, also resulted in the largest decrease in stuttering.

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