Effects of Noise and Increased Vocal Intensity on Stuttering

1977 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon F. Garber ◽  
Richard R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Normal Level ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Concomitant Increase ◽  
Vocal Intensity ◽  
Presence And Absence

The present study was designed to assess the effects of increased vocal level on stuttering in the presence and absence of noise, and to assess the effects of noise on stuttering with and without a concomitant increase in vocal level. Accordingly, eight adult stutterers spoke in quiet with normal vocal level, in quiet with increased vocal level, in noise with normal level, and in noise with increased level. All subjects reduced stuttering in noise compared with quiet conditions. However, there was no difference in stuttering when subjects spoke with normal compared with increased vocal level. In the present study, reductions in stuttering under noise could not be explained by increases in vocal level. It appears, instead, that reductions in stuttering were related to a decrease in auditory feedback. The condition which resulted in the largest decrease in auditory feedback, speaking in noise with a normal level, also resulted in the largest decrease in stuttering.

Auditory feedback on the regulation of vocal intensity of preschool children.

1976 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald M. Siegel ◽  
Herbert L. Pick ◽  
Marsha G. Olsen ◽  
Linda Sawin
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Vocal Intensity

Welmar—Computer Programs to Analyze Dialogic Time Patterns

1977 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 531-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merrill J. Martz ◽  
Joan Welkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Cross Talk ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Computer Programs ◽  
Dyadic Interactions ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Time Patterns ◽  
Vocal Intensity ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Computerized System ◽  
Parameters Of Interest

This paper describes a computerized system (for the PDP-12) for analyzing patterns arising from two-speaker dialogues. Programs detect the presence and absence of sound from each speaker at a sampling rate specified by the user. The parameters of interest are vocalizations, pauses, interruptions, and vocal intensity. Programs are provided to count frequencies, determine durations and variabilities, plot intensities, etc. Programs are also available to aid in determining speech thresholds, examine the raw data, and measure and account for cross-talk. These programs should be useful in examining dyadic interactions and detecting disturbances in communication.

Delayed Auditory Feedback Vocal Intensity Changes in Schizophrenia

1963 ◽  
Vol 109 (459) ◽  
pp. 240-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. Spear ◽  
R. L. Bird
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Delayed Auditory Feedback ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Vocal Intensity ◽  
Method Of Measurement ◽  
Clinical Correlations

When speech processes are interfered with by the technique known as Delayed Auditory Feedback (D.A.F.) various disturbances result (Lee, 1950, 1951). These have been intensively investigated and have been found to depend upon the delay and amplification of the feedback (Black, 1951) and upon personality factors (Beaumont and Foss, 1957; Spilka, 1954). These differences have been shown to extend into psychiatric diagnoses (Goldfarb and Braunstein, 1958; Spear, 1963) and it has been possible to demonstrate that schizophrenic patients show less increase in vocal intensity under conditions of D.A.F. than do other psychiatric patients and normal subjects. It was thought worth while to investigate this difference further, using a slightly more refined method of measurement of the parameter under consideration and to seek clinical correlations with the findings.

Delayed Auditory Feedback Some Effects on the Speech of Psychiatric Patients

1963 ◽  
Vol 109 (459) ◽  
pp. 235-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. Spear
Keyword(s):  
Individual Variation ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Intensity Variation ◽  
Technical Process ◽  
Delayed Auditory Feedback ◽  
Vocal Intensity ◽  
Considerable Individual Variation

Delayed Auditory Feedback (D.A.F.), sometimes known as delayed side-tone, is the name given to the technical process in which a subject's speech is recorded, delayed, amplified and returned to his ears through a headphone at such power as to prevent him hearing it through the normal channels of direct air and bone conduction. This process has been found to produce marked disturbance of speech, the main changes found being the production of an artificial stutter, marked slowing of speech, increase in loudness of speech and development of a flatness of intonation or decrease in vocal intensity variation (Lee, 1950/1951). The slowing and increase in intensity have been found by Black (1951) to be related to the variation in delay and amplification, but even when these factors are held constant there is considerable individual variation in the response to D.A.F.

DAF as Instrumental Treatment for Dysarthria in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne R. Hanson ◽  
E. Jeffry Metter
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Delayed Auditory Feedback ◽  
Rate Intensity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Vocal Intensity

In this case study, a 59-year-old male with progressive supranuclear palsy and hypokinetic dysarthria wore a small, solid state, battery operated, delayed auditory feedback device to reduce speech rate and to aid speech intelligibility. Time series measurements were made from tape recordings taken at the beginning of treatment and again after three months of daily wearing of the device. Measures of speech rate, intensity, and overall intelligibility indicate that when the instrument is worn, the subject's speech is slowed, vocal intensity increases, and intelligibility is markedly improved. The subject and his family report satisfaction with the instrument. The application of delayed auditory feedback to the treatment of communication disorders is discussed.

The Effects of Auditory Masking on the Anxiety Level, Frequency of Dysfluency, and Selected Vocal Characteristic of Stutterers

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 572-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin R. Adams ◽  
Walter H. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Reading Time ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Read Aloud ◽  
Masking Effect ◽  
Auditory Masking ◽  
Vocal Intensity

This study tested and compared two different explanations of the effects of auditory masking on stuttering: masking minimizes the individual’s auditory feedback of his stuttering so that he is less anxious about the dysfluency and consequently stutters less; or masking causes the stutterer to increase his vocal intensity and reduce his speech rate, and these changes create the reduction in stuttering. Twelve stutterers with normal hearing read aloud in masking and no-masking (control) conditions. Measures of palmar sweat anxiety, the frequency of stuttering, reading time, and vocal intensity were obtained for each subject in both of these situations. Significantly less stuttering and more vocal intensity were noted concomitantly in the masking as compared to the control condition. The between-condition differences in reading time and measured anxiety were small and rather unreliable. These results were interpreted as supporting the “modified vocalization” explanation of the masking effect, but as detracting from the “reduced anxiety over stuttering” hypothesis.

Treatment of Vocal Abuse Disorders Using a Vocal Intensity Controller

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Holbrook ◽  
Michael I. Rolnick ◽  
Clayton W. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Cord ◽  
Treatment Program ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Environmental Noise ◽  
Vocal Rehabilitation ◽  
Vocal Intensity ◽  
High Level

A portable voice intensity controller (VIC) was used in a treatment program for patients with dysphonia related to vocal cord lesions and to laryngeal hypertension. The device, worn in daily speaking situations, provided auditory feedback contingent on excessive vocal intensity. Consequently, a soft vocal level was automatically maintained even in the presence of high-level environmental noise. The device proved to be an aid to vocal rehabilitation for the 32 patients who were studied.

scholarly journals Increased speech contrast induced by sensorimotor adaptation to a non-uniform auditory perturbation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Parrell ◽  
Caroline A Niziolek
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Silent Period ◽  
Sensorimotor Control ◽  
Sensorimotor Adaptation ◽  
Communication Effectiveness ◽  
Concomitant Increase ◽  
Perturbation Field ◽  
Vowel Space ◽  
Vowel Contrast

When auditory feedback is perturbed in a consistent way, speakers learn to adjust their speech to compensate, a process known as sensorimotor adaptation. While this paradigm has been highly informative in understanding speech sensorimotor control, its ability to induce behaviorally-relevant changes in speech that affect communication effectiveness remains unclear. Here, we examine human speakers’ ability to compensate for a non-uniform perturbation field which reduces vowel distinctiveness by shifting all vowels toward the center of vowel space. Speakers adapted to this non-uniform shift, learning to produce corner vowels with increased vowel space area and vowel contrast to partially overcome the apparent centralization. The increase in vowel contrast occurred without a concomitant increase in duration and persisted after the feedback shift was removed, including after a 10-minute silent period. These findings establish the validity of a sensorimotor adaptation paradigm to increase vowel contrast, an outcome that has the potential to enhance intelligibility.

scholarly journals Auditory Masking Effects on Speech Fluency in Apraxia of Speech and Aphasia: Comparison to Altered Auditory Feedback

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1670-1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Jacks ◽  
Katarina L. Haley
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Auditory Masking ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Speech Fluency ◽  
Design Effects ◽  
Additional Work ◽  
Feedback Monitoring ◽  
Vocal Intensity

Purpose To study the effects of masked auditory feedback (MAF) on speech fluency in adults with aphasia and/or apraxia of speech (APH/AOS). We hypothesized that adults with AOS would increase speech fluency when speaking with noise. Altered auditory feedback (AAF; i.e., delayed/frequency-shifted feedback) was included as a control condition not expected to improve speech fluency. Method Ten participants with APH/AOS and 10 neurologically healthy (NH) participants were studied under both feedback conditions. To allow examination of individual responses, we used an ABACA design. Effects were examined on syllable rate, disfluency duration, and vocal intensity. Results Seven of 10 APH/AOS participants increased fluency with masking by increasing rate, decreasing disfluency duration, or both. In contrast, none of the NH participants increased speaking rate with MAF. In the AAF condition, only 1 APH/AOS participant increased fluency. Four APH/AOS participants and 8 NH participants slowed their rate with AAF. Conclusions Speaking with MAF appears to increase fluency in a subset of individuals with APH/AOS, indicating that overreliance on auditory feedback monitoring may contribute to their disorder presentation. The distinction between responders and nonresponders was not linked to AOS diagnosis, so additional work is needed to develop hypotheses for candidacy and underlying control mechanisms.

Auditory feedback control of vocal intensity during speech and sustained-vowel production

2019 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 3052-3052
Author(s):  
Allison I. Hilger ◽  
Sam Levant ◽  
Jason Kim ◽  
Rosemary A. Lester-Smith ◽  
Charles R. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Vowel Production ◽  
Vocal Intensity ◽  
Auditory Feedback Control
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