scholarly journals Auditory feedback experience in phonetic development: Evidence from preschoolers with cochlear implants and their normal-hearing peers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meg Cychosz ◽  
Benjamin Munson ◽  
Rochelle Newman ◽  
jan edwards
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Developmentally Appropriate ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Auditory Experience

Previous work has found that preschoolers with greater phonological awareness and larger lexicons, who vocalize more throughout the day, exhibit less intra-syllabic coarticulation in controlled speech production tasks. These findings suggest that both linguistic experience and speech motor control are important predictors of spoken phonetic development. Still, it remains unclear how preschoolers' speech practice during vocalizations drives the development of coarticulation because children who vocalize more are likely to have both increased fine motor control and increased auditory feedback experience. Here, the potential effect of auditory feedback is studied by examining a population---children with cochlear implants---naturally differing in auditory experience. Results show that (1) developmentally-appropriate coarticulation improves with increased hearing age, but not chronological age, (2) children with cochlear implants pattern coarticulatorily closer to their younger, hearing age-matched peers than chronological age-matched peers, and (3) the effects of vocalization practice on coarticulation only appear in the children with cochlear implants after several years of hearing experience. Together, these results indicate a strong role of auditory feedback experience upon coarticulation and suggest that parent-child communicative exchanges could stimulate children's own vocal output driving speech development.

scholarly journals Complex modulation of fingertip forces during precision grasp and lift after theta burst stimulation over the dorsal premotor cortex

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 526-535
Author(s):  
Dragana Drljacic ◽  
Sanja Pajic ◽  
Aleksandar Nedeljkovic ◽  
Sladjan Milanovic ◽  
Tihomir Ilic
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Dorsal Premotor Cortex ◽  
Grasp Stability ◽  
Precision Grasping ◽  
Fingertip Forces ◽  
Theta Burst

Background/Aim. Adaptive control and fingertip force synchronization of precise grasp stability during unimanual manipulation of small objects represents an illustrative example of highly fractionated movements that are foundation of fine motor control. It is assumed that this process is controlled by several motor areas of the frontal lobe, particularly applicable to the primary motor (M-1) and dorsal premotor cortex (PMd). Aiming to examine the role of PMd during fine coordination of fingertip forces we applied theta burst repetitive magnetic stimulation (TBS) to disrupt neural processing in that cortical area. Methods. Using a single-blind, randomized, crossover design, 10 healthy subjects (29 ? 3.9 years) received single sessions of continuous TBS (cTBS600), intermittent TBS (iTBS600), or sham stimulation, separate from one another at least one week, over the PMd region of dominant hemisphere. Precision grasp and lift were assessed by instrumented device, recording grip (G) and load (L) forces, during three manipulation tasks (ramp-and-hold, oscillation force producing and simple lifting tasks), with each hand separately, before and after interventions. Results. We observed the improvement of task performance related to constant error (CE) in oscillation task with the dominant hand (DH) after the iTBS (p = 0.009). On the contrary, the cTBS reduced variable error (VE) for non-dominant hand (NH), p = 0.005. Considering force coordination we found that iTBS worsened variables for NH (G/L ratio, p = 0.017; cross-correlation of the G and L, p = 0.047; Gain, p = 0.047). Conclusion. These results demonstrate the ability of TBS to modulate fingertip forces during precision grasping and lifting, when applied over PMd. These findings support the role of PMd in human motor control and forces generation required to hold small objects stable in our hands.

Connected Speech Intelligibility of Children With Cochlear Implants and Children With Normal Hearing

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven B. Chin ◽  
Patrick L. Tsai ◽  
Sujuan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Connected Speech ◽  
Hearing Results ◽  
Educational Environments ◽  
Auditory Experience ◽  
Similar Peak

The objective of this study was to compare the connected speech intelligibility of children who use cochlear implants with that of children who have normal hearing. Previous research has shown that speech intelligibility improves from before cochlear implantation to after implantation and that the speech intelligibility of children who use cochlear implants compares favorably with that of children who use conventional hearing aids. However, no research has yet addressed the question of how the speech intelligibility of children who use cochlear implants compares to that of children with normal hearing. In the current study, archival data on connected speech intelligibility from 51 children with cochlear implants were compared with newly collected data from 47 children with normal hearing. Results showed that for children with cochlear implants, greater intelligibility was associated with both increased chronological age and increased duration of cochlear implant use. Consistent with previous studies, children with normal hearing achieved adult-like or near-adult-like intelligibility around the age of 4 years, but a similar peak in intelligibility was not observed for the children who used cochlear implants. On the whole, children with cochlear implants were significantly less intelligible than children with normal hearing, when controlling both for chronological age and for length of auditory experience. These results have implications for the socialization and education of children with cochlear implants, particularly with respect to on-time placement in mainstream educational environments with age peers.

scholarly journals Practice and experience predict coarticulation in child speech

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meg Cychosz ◽  
Benjamin Munson ◽  
jan edwards
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Language Experience ◽  
Phonological Representations ◽  
Word Duration ◽  
Child Speech ◽  
Adjacent Segments ◽  
Adult Word Count

Much research in child speech development suggests that young children coarticulate more than adults. There are multiple, not mutually-exclusive, explanations for this pattern. For example, children may coarticulate more because they are limited by immature motor control. Or they may coarticulate more if they initially represent phonological segments in larger, more holistic units such as syllables or feet. We tested the importance of several different explanations for coarticulation in child speech by evaluating how four-year-olds' language experience, speech practice, and speech planning predicted their coarticulation between adjacent segments in real words and paired nonwords. Children with larger vocabularies coarticulated less, especially in real words, though there were no reliable coarticulatory differences between real words and nonwords after controlling for word duration. Children who vocalized more throughout a daylong audio recording also coarticulated less. Quantity of child vocalizations was more predictive of the degree of children's coarticulation than a measure of receptive language experience, adult word count. Overall, these results suggest strong roles for children's phonological representations and speech practice, as well as their immature fine motor control, for coarticulatory development.

Don’t blame yourself: Conscious source monitoring modulates feedback control during speech production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias K. Franken ◽  
Robert Hartsuiker ◽  
Petter Johansson ◽  
Lars Hall ◽  
Andreas Lind
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Source Monitoring ◽  
External Source ◽  
The Self ◽  
Speech Motor Control ◽  
Sensory Event ◽  
Speech Motor

Sensory feedback plays an important role in speech motor control. One of the main sources of evidence for this are studies where online auditory feedback is perturbed during ongoing speech. In motor control, it is therefore crucial to distinguish between sensory feedback and externally generated sensory events. This is called source monitoring. Previous altered feedback studies have taken non-conscious source monitoring for granted, as automatic responses to altered sensory feedback imply that the feedback changes are processed as self-caused. However, the role of conscious source monitoring is unclear. The current study investigated whether conscious source monitoring modulates responses to unexpected pitch changes in auditory feedback. During a first block, some participants spontaneously attributed the pitch shifts to themselves (self-blamers) while others attributed them to an external source (other-blamers). Before block 2, all participants were informed that the pitch shifts were experimentally induced. The self-blamers then showed a reduction in response magnitude in block 2 compared with block 1, while the other-blamers did not. This suggests that conscious source monitoring modulates responses to altered auditory feedback, such that consciously ascribing feedback to oneself leads to larger compensation responses. These results can be accounted for within the dominant comparator framework, where conscious source monitoring could modulate the gain on sensory feedback. Alternatively, the results can be naturally explained from an inferential framework, where conscious knowledge may bias the priors in a Bayesian process to determine the most likely source of a sensory event.

Fine motor assessment in chronic wrist pain: the role of adapted motor control

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark JC Smeulders ◽  
Michiel Kreulen ◽  
Kurt E Bos
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Wrist Pain ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Motor Assessment ◽  
Chronic Wrist Pain

Irony Comprehension in Children With Cochlear Implants: The Role of Language Competence, Theory of Mind, and Prosody Recognition

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Francesca Panzeri ◽  
Sara Cavicchiolo ◽  
Beatrice Giustolisi ◽  
Federica Di Berardino ◽  
Paola Francesca Ajmone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Language Competence ◽  
Advanced Theory Of Mind ◽  
Italian Children ◽  
Age Range

Purpose Aims of this research were (a) to investigate higher order linguistic and cognitive skills of Italian children with cochlear implants (CIs); (b) to correlate them with the comprehension of irony, which has never been systematically studied in this population; and (c) to identify the factors that facilitate the development of this competence. Method We tested 28 Italian children with CI (mean chronological age = 101 [ SD = 25.60] months, age range: 60–144 months), and two control groups of normal-hearing (NH) peers matched for chronological age and for hearing age, on a series of tests assessing their cognitive abilities (nonverbal intelligence and theory of mind), linguistic skills (morphosyntax and prosody recognition), and irony comprehension. Results Despite having grammatical abilities in line with the group of NH children matched for hearing age, children with CI lag behind both groups of NH peers on the recognition of emotions through prosody and on the comprehension of ironic stories, even if these two abilities were not related. Conclusions This is the first study that targeted irony comprehension in children with CI, and we found that this competence, which is crucial for maintaining good social relationships with peers, is impaired in this population. In line with other studies, we found a correlation between this ability and advanced theory of mind skills, but at the same time, a deeper investigation is needed, to account for the high variability of performance in children with CI.

EXPRESS: Don’t blame yourself: Conscious source monitoring modulates feedback control during speech production

2022 ◽  
pp. 174702182210756
Author(s):  
Matthias K. Franken ◽  
Robert J Hartsuiker ◽  
Petter Johansson ◽  
Lars Hall ◽  
Andreas Lind
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Source Monitoring ◽  
External Source ◽  
The Self ◽  
Speech Motor Control ◽  
Sensory Event ◽  
Speech Motor

Sensory feedback plays an important role in speech motor control. One of the main sources of evidence for this are studies where online auditory feedback is perturbed during ongoing speech. In motor control, it is therefore crucial to distinguish between sensory feedback and externally generated sensory events. This is called source monitoring. Previous altered feedback studies have taken non-conscious source monitoring for granted, as automatic responses to altered sensory feedback imply that the feedback changes are processed as self-caused. However, the role of conscious source monitoring is unclear. The current study investigated whether conscious source monitoring modulates responses to unexpected pitch changes in auditory feedback. During a first block, some participants spontaneously attributed the pitch shifts to themselves (self-blamers) while others attributed them to an external source (other-blamers). Before block 2, all participants were informed that the pitch shifts were experimentally induced. The self-blamers then showed a reduction in response magnitude in block 2 compared with block 1, while the other-blamers did not. This suggests that conscious source monitoring modulates responses to altered auditory feedback, such that consciously ascribing feedback to oneself leads to larger compensation responses. These results can be accounted for within the dominant comparator framework, where conscious source monitoring could modulate the gain on sensory feedback. Alternatively, the results can be naturally explained from an inferential framework, where conscious knowledge may bias the priors in a Bayesian process to determine the most likely source of a sensory event.

scholarly journals Functional role of delta and theta band oscillations for auditory feedback processing during vocal pitch motor control

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roozbeh Behroozmand ◽  
Nadine Ibrahim ◽  
Oleg Korzyukov ◽  
Donald A. Robin ◽  
Charles R. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Feedback Processing ◽  
Vocal Pitch
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