Processing of Olfactory Stimuli at Peripheral Levels

1977 ◽  
pp. 465-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell M. Mozell
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Stimuli

Intraoperative monitoring of olfactory function: a feasibility study

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 1659-1664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahan Momjian ◽  
Rémi Tyrand ◽  
Basile N. Landis ◽  
Colette Boëx
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Intraoperative Neuromonitoring ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Chemical Senses ◽  
Cerebral Lesions ◽  
Artifact Rejection ◽  
Rejection Criterion ◽  
Olfactory Stimuli ◽  
Anterior Fossa

OBJECTIVEIntraoperative neuromonitoring of the chemical senses (smell and taste) has never been performed. The objective of this study was to determine if olfactory-evoked potentials could be obtained intraoperatively under general anesthesia.METHODSA standard olfactometer was used in the surgical theater with hydrogen sulfide (4 ppm, 200 msec). Olfactory-evoked potentials were recorded in 8 patients who underwent neurosurgery for resection of cerebral lesions. These patients underwent routine target-controlled propofol and sufentanil general anesthesia. Frontal, temporal, and parietal scalp subdermal electrodes were recorded ipsilaterally and contralaterally at the site of the surgery. Evoked potentials were computed if at least 70 epochs (0.5–100 Hz) satisfying the artifact rejection criterion (threshold 45 μV) could be extracted from signals of electrodes.RESULTSContributive recordings were obtained for 5 of 8 patients (3 patients had fewer than 70 epochs with an amplitude < 45 μV). Olfactory-evoked potentials showed N1 responses (mean 442.8 ± 40.0 msec), most readily observed in the patient who underwent midline anterior fossa neurosurgery. No component of later latencies could be recorded consistently.CONCLUSIONSThe study confirms that olfactory-evoked potentials can be measured in response to olfactory stimuli under general anesthesia. This demonstrates the feasibility of recording olfactory function intraoperatively and opens the potential for neuromonitoring of olfactory function during neurosurgery.

scholarly journals Comparison of Brain Activation Patterns during Olfactory Stimuli between Recovered COVID-19 Patients and Healthy Controls: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 968
Author(s):  
Roger C. Ho ◽  
Vijay K. Sharma ◽  
Benjamin Y. Q. Tan ◽  
Alison Y. Y. Ng ◽  
Yit-Shiang Lui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
Olfactory Stimuli ◽  
Preliminary Study

Impaired sense of smell occurs in a fraction of patients with COVID-19 infection, but its effect on cerebral activity is unknown. Thus, this case report investigated the effect of COVID-19 infection on frontotemporal cortex activity during olfactory stimuli. In this preliminary study, patients who recovered from COVID-19 infection (n = 6) and healthy controls who never contracted COVID-19 (n = 6) were recruited. Relative changes in frontotemporal cortex oxy-hemoglobin during olfactory stimuli was acquired using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The area under curve (AUC) of oxy-hemoglobin for the time interval 5 s before and 15 s after olfactory stimuli was derived. In addition, olfactory function was assessed using the Sniffin’ Sticks 12-identification test (SIT-12). Patients had lower SIT-12 scores than healthy controls (p = 0.026), but there were no differences in oxy-hemoglobin AUC between healthy controls and patients (p > 0.05). This suggests that past COVID-19 infection may not affect frontotemporal cortex function, and these preliminary results need to be verified in larger samples.

Behavioral responses of three freshwater planaria species to light, visual and olfactory stimuli: setting the stage for further ecotoxicological studies

2020 ◽  
pp. 104295
Author(s):  
Odile Martinez ◽  
Sacha Sire ◽  
Alice Saunier ◽  
Jean-Michel Malgouyre ◽  
Alice Fournier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Olfactory Stimuli

scholarly journals Experience enhances certainty about olfactory stimuli under bulbar cholinergic control

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 414-417
Author(s):  
Christina Cho ◽  
Christiane Linster
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Stimuli

Odour Memory and Odour Hedonics in Children

Perception ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loredana Hvastja ◽  
Lucia Zanuttini
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Test ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Olfactory Memory ◽  
Rapid Decay ◽  
Memory Decay ◽  
Olfactory Stimuli

The characteristics of olfactory memory during development were investigated and the hypothesis that the pleasantness of smells may be affected by previous associations with pleasant or unpleasant objects or events was tested. This type of emotional memory was compared in the immediate and long-term recognition of olfactory stimuli. Children from three different age groups (mean ages: 6 years 6 months; 8 years 9 months; and 10 years 5 months) were subdivided into two groups. One group was presented with six different odours, each with a slide depicting a pleasant picture. The other group was presented with the odours accompanied by unpleasant pictures. Immediately after stimulus presentation the subjects underwent a recognition test. One month later the subjects underwent a second recognition test, at the end of which they were required to give an evaluation of the pleasantness of each odour on a nine-point scale. At no age level did the pictures matched to the odours affect the recognition score. Olfactory memory varied with age, chiefly because memory decay increased with age, perhaps because of greater proactive interference. With increasing age more rapid decay was set against better immediate recognition. The hypothesis that the hedonic characteristics of odours are partially learned and are affected by events experienced in other modalities was supported.

Loggerhead turtle(Caretta caretta)by catches on long‐lines: The importance of olfactory stimuli

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 (sup2) ◽  
pp. 213-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Piovano ◽  
Emilio Balletto ◽  
Stefano Di Marco ◽  
Alberto Dominici ◽  
Cristina Giacoma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loggerhead Turtle ◽  
Caretta Caretta ◽  
Olfactory Stimuli

scholarly journals Suppression of running times by olfactory stimuli

1968 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 315-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Courtney ◽  
Larry D. Reid ◽  
Ronald E. Wasden
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Stimuli

Responses ofAsterias Rubensto Olfactory Stimuli

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 829-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Castilla ◽  
D. J. Crisp
Keyword(s):  
Asterias Rubens ◽  
Olfactory Stimuli

In 1883 Romanes first demonstrated the capacity of starfish to detect the presence of food. He claimed to be able to lead them in any direction by holding a piece of crab an inch or two from the end of one of the arms. He concluded that if the food was not more than a few inches away the starfish could smell it and move towards it. Milligan (1915 a-c) observed thatAsterias rubensmoved towards a dead pipefish from distances of 1½ in to 2 ft., and emphasized that the determined movement left no doubt that the starfish could smell the fish. Regnart (1928) found thatA. rubenscould locate food hidden in a bait chamber, moving away from the aerator in the centre of the tank.

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