Gating of the outward-rectifying K+ channel TOK1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is controlled by membrane voltage and extracellular K+ concentration. Previous studies identified two kinetically distinct effects of K+, and site-mutagenic analysis associated these K+-dependencies with domains of the extracellular turrets of the channel protein. We have mapped the TOK1 pore domains to extant K+ channel crystal structures to target additional residues contributing to TOK1 gating. Leu270, located in the first pore domain of TOK1, was found to be critical for gating and its K+ sensitivity. Analysis of amino acid substitutions indicated that spatial position of the polypeptide backbone is a primary factor determining gating sensitivity to K+. The strongest effects, with L270Y, L270F and L270W, led to more than a 30-fold decrease in apparent K+ affinity and an inversion in the apparent K+-dependence of voltage-dependent gating compared with the wild-type current. A partial rescue of wild-type gating was obtained on substitution in the second pore domain with the double mutant L270D/A428Y. These, and additional results, demarcate extracellular domains that are associated with the K+-sensitivity of TOK1 and they offer primary evidence for a synergy in gating between the two pore domains of TOK1, demonstrating an unexpected degree of long-distance interaction across the mouth of the K+ channel.
Design and Characterization of a Highly Selective Peptide Inhibitor of the Small Conductance Calcium-activated K+Channel, SkCa2