Further Developments in Fetal and Neonatal Physiology

2018 ◽  
pp. 581-629
Author(s):  
Lawrence D. Longo
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Physiology

PULMONARY FUNCTION IN THE NEWBORN INFANT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 963-974
Author(s):  
N. M. Nelson ◽  
L. S. Prod'hom ◽  
R. B. Cherry ◽  
P. J. Lipsitz ◽  
C. A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Breathing Circuit ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Pulmonary Functions ◽  
Neonatal Physiology ◽  
End Tidal

An open breathing circuit is described that is suitable for the newborn infant. The addition of an end-tidal sampler allows accurate study of many pulmonary functions. Data obtained with this equipment are quite comparable to those obtained with more classic methods in neonatal physiology. The low alveolar CO2 tension commonly observed in the first days of life may result from decreased CO2 production by the fasting newborn infant. [See Fig 7 in Source Pdf]

Foetal and Neonatal Physiology: A Comparative Study of the Changes at Birth, by Geoffrey S. Dawes, D.M. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers, Inc., 1968, 247 pp., $11.00

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-649
Author(s):  
Clement A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Book Medical ◽  
Neonatal Physiology

In the review of Foetal and Neonatal Physiology: A Comparative Study of the Changes at Birth, by Geoffrey S. Dawes (Pediatrics 43:312, 1969), reference was made to Barcroft's Researches on Perinatal Life. The correct title is Researches on Prenatal Life.

Neonatal Physiology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Frugoni ◽  
Laura Downey
Keyword(s):  
Anesthetic Management ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Respiratory Physiology ◽  
Lung Mechanics ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Anesthetic Care ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Neonatal Physiology ◽  
Apnea Of Prematurity

The neonate has many unique physiologic characteristics that set it apart from older children and adults. Many of these differences arise from the requirements for fetal growth and development and the abrupt transition from fetal to extrauterine life. All organ systems are impacted, with critical implications for medical management. Understanding the unique features of the neonate is essential for the safe anesthetic care of these patients. This chapter reviews fetal development of the different organ systems, along with their function during the neonatal period. Placental physiology as it pertains to anesthetic management will be reviewed. Special attention will be paid to transitional cardiac and respiratory physiology as well as neonatal respiratory mechanics. Renal acid–base maintenance, fluid and electrolyte management, hematologic and neurologic systems will be discussed. Emphasis is on the term neonate, although preterm neonatal physiology is also briefly reviewed. Common neonatal disease states are also covered. The goal is for the anesthesia practitioner to gain a greater understanding of the unique aspects of the neonate so that they may better care for this vulnerable subset of patients. This review contains 8 figures, 13 tables, and 52 references. Key Words: apnea of prematurity, chronic lung disease, infant lung mechanics, intraventricular hemorrhage, neonate, patent ductus arteriosus, patent foramen ovale, persistent fetal circulation, transitional circulation, retinopathy of prematurity

Neonatal Physiology and Metabolic Considerations

2006 ◽  
pp. 89-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agostino Pierro ◽  
Simon Eaton ◽  
Evelyn Ong
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Physiology

Paediatric and neonatal anaesthesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 899-966
Author(s):  
Simon Berg ◽  
Stewart Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Fluid Management ◽  
Anaesthetic Techniques ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Nerve Blocks ◽  
Congenital Talipes Equinovarus ◽  
Neonatal Physiology

This chapter discusses the anaesthetic management of the neonate, infant and child. It begins with a description of neonatal physiology, then discusses fluid management, anaesthetic equipment and the conduct of anaesthesia in children, including postoperative analgesia. Regional anaesthetic techniques in children are discussed, including caudal, epidural, spinal and regional nerve blocks. Surgical procedures covered include repair of diaphragmatic hernia; gastroschisis/exomphalos; tracheo-oesophageal fistula (TOF); patent ductus arteriosus (PDA); pyloric stenosis; intussusception; herniotomy; circumcision; hypospadias repair; orchidopexy; cleft lip and palate; congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV); femoral osteotomy, and inhaled foreign body. It includes a discussion of paediatric sedation, paediatric medical problems, paediatric advanced life support, resuscitation of the neonate, the collapsed septic child, stabilisation of the critically ill child, and paediatric drug doses and equipment.

scholarly journals NEONATAL PHYSIOLOGY AND RESUSCITATION

1960 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
IAN H. McDONALD
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Physiology

118. THE PRORENIN RECEPTOR/PLZF PATHWAY IN HUMAN AMNION

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
K. G. Pringle ◽  
A. L. Conquest ◽  
C. M. Mitchell ◽  
T. Zakar ◽  
E. R. Lumbers
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Human Amnion ◽  
Reproductive Tissues ◽  
Prorenin Receptor ◽  
Human Reproductive ◽  
Neonatal Physiology

Prorenin, despite being inactive, is the major form of renin found in amniotic fluid and reproductive tissues. Prorenin becomes active if it binds to the novel prorenin receptor (ATP6AP2). The prorenin-ATP6AP2 complex has been found to stimulate translocation of Promyelocytic Zinc Finger (PLZF) protein to the nucleus where it increases expression of the p85α subunit of PI3 kinase (PI3K-p85α) and represses the expression of ATP6AP21. Progesterone and glucocorticoids have also been shown to stimulate PLZF2, 3. We aimed to find out if PLZF and the prorenin-ATP6AP2 pathway interact in human reproductive tissues. Human amnion was cultured for 24 h in media containing vehicle, dexamethasone, amniotic fluid or recombinant human (rh) prorenin. Total RNA was extracted using TRIZol® and converted to cDNA for quantitative real-time PCR using SuperScript III and random hexamers. mRNA abundances for PLZF, PI3K-p85α and ATP6AP2 were calculated relative to Alien RNA using the ΔΔCT method. Our preliminary data show that exposure of amnion explants to dexamethasone upregulates PLZF and PI3K-p85α mRNA but has no effect on ATP6AP2. Culture of amnion explants with amniotic fluid also increases PLZF but does not change PI3K or ATP6AP2. In contrast, culture of amnion explants with (rh) prorenin increases PI3K mRNA but not PLZF or ATP6AP2. As expected, dexamethasone affects PLZF expression, however in amnion there is no interaction with the ATP6AP2 pathway. In addition, we believe we have identified a novel prorenin/ATP6AP2 signalling pathway which acts on PI3K-p85α independent of PLZF. In contrast to these data, amniotic fluid increases PLZF but not PI3K-p85α mRNA levels suggesting that amniotic fluid contains other factors that oppose prorenin and glucocorticoid effects on PI3K-p85α. (1) Schefe, J.H., et al. Circ Res, 2006. 99(12): 1355–1366.(2) Fahnenstich, J., et al. Mol. Hum. Reprod., 2003. 9(10): 611–623.(3) Conquest, A. et al. Fetal and Neonatal Physiology Workshop, 2010. Wellington, New Zealand.

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