Mitochondrial Ion Channels in Ischemic Brain

2009 ◽  
pp. 117-150
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Jonas
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Ischemic Brain

Calcium-permeable Ion Channels and Ischemic Brain Injury

2012 ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Bentham Science Publisher Bentham Science Publisher
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Ion Channels ◽  
Ischemic Brain Injury ◽  
Ischemic Brain

Ca2+-Permeable Acid-sensing Ion Channels and Ischemic Brain Injury

2006 ◽  
Vol 209 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.-G. Xiong ◽  
X.-P. Chu ◽  
R.P. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Ion Channels ◽  
Ischemic Brain Injury ◽  
Ischemic Brain ◽  
Acid Sensing Ion Channels

scholarly journals Ion Channels and Zinc: Mechanisms of Neurotoxicity and Neurodegeneration

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah R. Morris ◽  
Cathy W. Levenson
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Ion Channels ◽  
Kainate Receptors ◽  
Zinc Toxicity ◽  
Ischemic Brain Injury ◽  
Ischemic Brain ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Excitatory Neurotransmission ◽  
The Brain

Ionotropic glutamate receptors, such as NMDA, AMPA and kainate receptors, are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate much of the excitatory neurotransmission in the brain. Not only do these receptors bind glutamate, but they are also regulated by and facilitate the postsynaptic uptake of the trace metal zinc. This paper discusses the role of the excitotoxic influx and accumulation of zinc, the mechanisms responsible for its cytotoxicity, and a number of disorders of the central nervous system that have been linked to these neuronal ion channels and zinc toxicity including ischemic brain injury, traumatic brain injury, and epilepsy.

scholarly journals Acid-Sensing Ion Channels and Mechanosensation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4810
Author(s):  
Nina Ruan ◽  
Jacob Tribble ◽  
Andrew M. Peterson ◽  
Qian Jiang ◽  
John Q. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Cation Channels ◽  
Ischemic Brain Injury ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
Sodium Permeability ◽  
Ischemic Brain ◽  
Acid Sensing Ion Channels ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Spring Mechanism

Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are mainly proton-gated cation channels that are activated by pH drops and nonproton ligands. They are part of the degenerin/epithelial sodium channel superfamily due to their sodium permeability. Predominantly expressed in the central nervous system, ASICs are involved in synaptic plasticity, learning/memory, and fear conditioning. These channels have also been implicated in multiple disease conditions, including ischemic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and drug addiction. Recent research has illustrated the involvement of ASICs in mechanosensation. Mechanosensation is a form of signal transduction in which mechanical forces are converted into neuronal signals. Specific mechanosensitive functions have been elucidated in functional ASIC1a, ASIC1b, ASIC2a, and ASIC3. The implications of mechanosensation in ASICs indicate their subsequent involvement in functions such as maintaining blood pressure, modulating the gastrointestinal function, and bladder micturition, and contributing to nociception. The underlying mechanism of ASIC mechanosensation is the tether-gate model, which uses a gating-spring mechanism to activate ASIC responses. Further understanding of the mechanism of ASICs will help in treatments for ASIC-related pathologies. Along with the well-known chemosensitive functions of ASICs, emerging evidence has revealed that mechanosensitive functions of ASICs are important for maintaining homeostasis and contribute to various disease conditions.

scholarly journals Modern neurochemical and molecular genetic aspects of the pathogenesis of neonatal seizures

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Yegana Aydin Gasimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Neonatal Seizures ◽  
Ischemic Brain Damage ◽  
Ischemic Brain

The article is devoted to the modern aspects of the pathogenesis of neonatal seizures (NS). The main mechanisms of the development of perinatal brain injuries, which are fundamental in the genesis of NS, are considered, the prospects for research devoted to the study of the possibilities of molecular genetic prediction of the individual risk of ischemia and the development of NS are outlined. The mechanisms of ischemic brain damage during the neonatal period and the role of glutamate, the main excitatory neurotransmitter acting on NMDA receptors that regulate the electrical activity of neurons, are described in detail. The review focuses on the involvement of metalloproteinases, primarily MMP-9, which destroys type IV collagen, which is the main component of the basement membrane of the cerebral endothelium, and creates conditions for cell migration across the BBB, thereby causing a cytokine storm and the development of inflammation, leading to NS. The possible role of calcium-dependent proteinases — calpains in the development of NS is analyzed, since in some forms of CNS pathology, uncontrolled hyperactivation of calpains is observed, leading to a disruption of the regulation of neurotransmitter transmission, which can, in turn, become an additional factor for the development of the neurodegenerative process in the brain and the development of seizures. Also are presented the results of studies devoted to the role of ion channels, providing synaptic transmission of excitation from an excited neuron to other cells. It has been shown that molecular defects in ion channels can be one of the factors that create prerequisites for the development of NS. The article shows the prospects for studying the genetic polymorphism of enzymes involved in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain damage, based on ideas about the pathogenesis of cerebral disorders in newborns, which are based on oxidative damage. The concluding part of the article outlines the modern principles of NS therapy, their main goal is to relieve the symptoms of the underlying disease, to ensure the normalization of blood circulation and brain metabolism, to optimize the conditions for the functioning of the preserved brain structures to prevent the formation of severe neurological complications, as well as to maintain optimal parameters of respiration, glucose-electrolyte composition of blood and thermal regime. Based on the data presented, it is concluded that early diagnosis of NS is necessary, which is determined by the fact that seizures in newborns are usually caused by serious damage to the child's brain, and in some cases — by life-threatening conditions, the timely diagnosis of which contributes to the early onset of specific treatment. No conflict of interest was declared by the author. Key words: newborn, cerebral ischemia, neonatal seizures.

scholarly journals Calcium-permeable ion channels involved in glutamate receptor-independent ischemic brain injury

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 734-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-hua Li ◽  
Koichi Inoue ◽  
Hong-fang Si ◽  
Zhi-gang Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Ion Channels ◽  
Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Ischemic Brain Injury ◽  
Ischemic Brain

An Electrophysiological Study Of The Effects Of Propofol On Native Neuronal Ligand-Gated Ion Channels

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 451-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Patten ◽  
Graham R Foxon ◽  
Keith F Martin ◽  
Robert F Halliwell
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Electrophysiological Study ◽  
Gated Ion Channels ◽  
Ligand Gated Ion Channels
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document