Active Communities and Practices of Resistance: Brief History of the Use of Schools as Border Zones in Toronto

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 35-50

Author(s):

Koji Toda ◽

Haruaki Tamada ◽

Masahide Nakamura ◽

Kenichi Matsumoto

Keyword(s):

Experimental Evaluation ◽

Software Evolution ◽

Source Code ◽

The State ◽

History Of ◽

Collaborative Activities ◽

Active Communities ◽

Spontaneous Evolution

Social coding platforms (SCPs) have realized spontaneous software evolution, where new source code and ideas are spontaneously proposed by altruistic developers. Although there are many projects operated by active communities performing spontaneous evolution, it is yet unclear that how such successful projects and communities have been formed and governed. This article proposes a method that can investigate the history of every project in the SCP. Introducing the concept of project as a city, the authors consider every project in the SCP as a city, where a government and citizens develop a city through collaborative activities. This research then identifies essential attributes that characterize a state of a city. For each attribute, the authors develop metrics that quantify the state S(p; t) of a project p at time t. An experimental evaluation investigating GitHub projects of famous code editors shows that the proposed metrics well visualize the history of the projects from essential perspectives of a city.

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Migraine Angiitis Precipitated by Sex Headache and Leading to Watershed Infarction

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1046/j.1468-2982.1993.1306427.x ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 427-430 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Matthew Jackson ◽

Graham Lennox ◽

Timothy Jaspan ◽

David Jefferson

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Subarachnoid Haemorrhage ◽

Cerebrovascular Disease ◽

Past History ◽

Loss Of Consciousness ◽

Transient Loss Of Consciousness ◽

Border Zones ◽

History Of ◽

Transient Loss ◽

Watershed Infarction

Vasospasm is a rare cause of cerebrovascular disease except following subarachnoid haemorrhage. We describe a woman who developed an explosive-type sex headache, followed by a series of severe migrainous headaches associated with fully reversible segmental cerebral arterial narrowing and dilatation, resulting in widespread infarction in cerebral arterial border zones. This led to transient loss of consciousness and multiple focal cortical deficits including blindness. She had a past history of migraine and a family history of both migraine and sex headaches. Similar cases have been reported in the literature under a variety of rubrics. We suggest that this newly recognized clinico-radiological syndrome is a migraine variant.

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The Interface between Neighbors at a Time of State Transition: The Thick Border of the Bolsheviks (1917–1924)

Annales Histoire Sciences Sociales (English edition) ◽

10.1017/s2398568200000765 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 69 (02) ◽

pp. 255-286

Author(s):

Sabine Dullin

Keyword(s):

Soviet Union ◽

Everyday Life ◽

Former Soviet Union ◽

State Transition ◽

Russian Empire ◽

Transnational History ◽

Border Crossings ◽

Buffer Zones ◽

Border Zones ◽

History Of

Abstract Focusing on the European margins of the former Russian Empire as it was reinvented by the Soviets and drawing on the central and local archives of the former Soviet Union, this article uncovers a particular construction of territorial sovereignty that emerged from interactions between countries that were both new and ideologically hostile to one another. It shows that although Soviet authorities adapted to the rules of negotiation necessary for the “co-construction” of a frontier, they gradually managed to affirm an exclusive sovereignty over the territory. The thick border that evolved between mutually suspicious neighbors, especially through the creation of buffer zones, was subsequently institutionalized and appropriated by the Soviets in order to control interactions and border crossings. This analysis of everyday life in these border zones offers new perspectives for a transnational history of the state.

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