Simulation and Modelling of Transport Processes for the Needs of Mineral Resources Delivery Support

Numerical modelling of igneous processes

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-5339 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tobias Keller

Keyword(s):

Plate Tectonics ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Computational Modelling ◽

Mineral Resources ◽

Transport Processes ◽

Suspension Flow ◽

Phase Reaction ◽

Numerical Application ◽

Multi Phase ◽

Solid Liquid

Magma matters. From magmatic differentiation of terrestrial planets into core, mantle and crust, to magmatism modulating plate tectonics and deep volatile cycles that maintain a habitable Earth, and volcanism causing terrible hazards but also providing rich energy and mineral resources &#8211; igneous processes are integral to the evolution of Earth and other terrestrial planetary bodies. Our understanding of volcanoes and their deep magmatic roots derives from a range of disciplines including field geology, experimental petrology, geochemical analyses, geophysical imaging, and volcano monitoring. Observational and experimental studies, however, are hampered by incomplete access to processes that play out across scales ranging from sub-millimetre size to thousands of kilometres, and from seconds to billions of years. Computational modelling provides a tool kit for investigating igneous processes across these scales.Over the past decade, my research has been focused on advancing the theoretical description and numerical application of multi-phase reaction-transport processes at the volcano to planetary scale. Mixture theory provides a framework to represent the spatially averaged behaviour of a large sample of microscopic phase constituents including mineral grains, melt films, fluid droplets, and vapour bubbles. The approach has been used successfully to model both porous flow of melt percolating through compacting rock, as well as suspension flow of crystals settling in convecting magma bodies. My recent work has introduced a new modelling framework that bridges the porous to mushy and suspension flow limits, and extends beyond solid-liquid systems to multi-phase systems including several solid, liquid, and vapour phases. Igneous process modelling can thus provide new insights into the generation and extraction of mantle melts, the dynamics of crustal magma processing, the outgassing and eruption of shallow magma reservoirs, and the generation of mineral resources by exsolution of enriched magmatic liquids.

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Numerical modelling of igneous processes

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-7447 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tobias Keller

Keyword(s):

Plate Tectonics ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Computational Modelling ◽

Mineral Resources ◽

Transport Processes ◽

Suspension Flow ◽

Phase Reaction ◽

Numerical Application ◽

Multi Phase ◽

Solid Liquid

Magma matters. From magmatism facilitating the differentiation of terrestrial planets into core, mantle and crust, to the magmatic activity that modulates plate tectonics and deep volatile cycles to maintain a habitable Earth, to volcanism that causes terrible hazards but also provides rich energy and mineral resources &#8211; igneous processes are integral to Earth and other planets. Our understanding of volcanoes and their deep magmatic roots derives from a range of disciplines including field geology, petrology and geochemistry, and geophysical imaging. Observational and experimental studies, however, are hampered by incomplete access to processes that play out across scales ranging from sub-micron size to thousands of kilometres, and from seconds to billions of years. Computational modelling provides tools for investigating igneous processes across these scales.Over the past decade, my research has been focused on advancing the theoretical description and numerical application of multi-phase reaction&#8211;transport processes at the volcano to planetary scale. Mixture theory provides a framework to represent the spatially averaged behaviour of a large sample of microscopic phase constituents such as mineral grains, melt films, and vapour bubbles. This approach has been used successfully to model both porous flow of melt percolating through compacting partially molten rock, as well as suspension flow of crystals settling in convecting magma bodies. My recent work has introduced a new modelling framework to bridge the porous and suspension flow limits, and to extend beyound solid-liquid systems to multi-phase systems including several solid, liquid, and vapour phases. These advances provide new insights into the dynamics of crustal mush bodies, the outgassing and eruption of shallow magma reservoirs, and the generation of mineral resources by exsolution of exotic magmatic liquids.

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Life-Cycle Assessment of Sector-Coupled National Energy Systems: Environmental Impacts of Electricity, Heat, and Transportation in Germany Till 2050

Frontiers in Energy Research ◽

10.3389/fenrg.2021.621502 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Nils Baumgärtner ◽

Sarah Deutz ◽

Christiane Reinert ◽

Niklas Nolzen ◽

Lucas Elias Kuepper ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle Assessment ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Environmental Impacts ◽

Mineral Resources ◽

Energy Systems ◽

Transport Processes ◽

Freshwater Ecotoxicity ◽

Full Life Cycle ◽

Energy Models ◽

High Emission

National energy models provide decarbonization strategies. Most national energy models focus on costs and greenhouse gas emissions only. However, this focus carries the risk that burdens shift to other environmental impacts. Energy models have therefore been extended by life-cycle assessment (LCA). Furthermore, deep decarbonization is only possible by targeting all high-emission sectors. Thus, we present a holistic national energy model that includes high-emission sectors and LCA. The model provides detailed environmental impacts for electricity, heat, and transport processes in Germany for meeting the climate targets up to 2050. Our results show that renewable energies and storage are key technologies for decarbonized energy systems. Furthermore, sector coupling is crucial and doubles electricity demand. Our LCA shows that environmental impacts shift from operation to infrastructure highlighting the importance of an impact assessment over the full life cycle. Decarbonization leads to many environmental cobenefits; however, it also increases freshwater ecotoxicity and depletion of metal and mineral resources. Thus, holistic planning of decarbonization strategies should also consider other environmental impacts.

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Saturn's E, G and F rings: modulated by the plasma sheet

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100101666 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 75 ◽

pp. 597

Author(s):

E. Grün ◽

G.E. Morfill ◽

T.V. Johnson ◽

G.H. Schwehm

Keyword(s):

Solar Wind ◽

Direct Contact ◽

Transport Processes ◽

Time Variable ◽

Dust Particles ◽

Spatial Diffusion ◽

Drag Forces ◽

Orbit Perturbation ◽

Time Variations ◽

F Ring

ABSTRACTSaturn's broad E ring, the narrow G ring and the structured and apparently time variable F ring(s), contain many micron and sub-micron sized particles, which make up the “visible” component. These rings (or ring systems) are in direct contact with magnetospheric plasma. Fluctuations in the plasma density and/or mean energy, due to magnetospheric and solar wind processes, may induce stochastic charge variations on the dust particles, which in turn lead to an orbit perturbation and spatial diffusion. It is suggested that the extent of the E ring and the braided, kinky structure of certain portions of the F rings as well as possible time variations are a result of plasma induced electromagnetic perturbations and drag forces. The G ring, in this scenario, requires some form of shepherding and should be akin to the F ring in structure. Sputtering of micron-sized dust particles in the E ring by magnetospheric ions yields lifetimes of 102to 104years. This effect as well as the plasma induced transport processes require an active source for the E ring, probably Enceladus.

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