Analyzing Urban Resilience Using Temporal and Spatial Archive Information Before and After a Disaster – Perspective of SDGs

2019 ◽  
pp. 183-193
Author(s):  
Yasuko Kawahata
Keyword(s):  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

scholarly journals Influence of Stratospheric Sudden Warming on AIRS Midtropospheric CO2

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 2566-2573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Jiang ◽  
Jingqian Wang ◽  
Edward T. Olsen ◽  
Thomas Pagano ◽  
Luke L. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Atmospheric Infrared Sounder ◽  
Stratospheric Sudden Warming ◽  
Chemical Tracers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Global Reanalysis ◽  
Height Data

Abstract Midtropospheric CO2 retrievals from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) were used to explore the influence of stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) on CO2 in the middle to upper troposphere. To choose the SSW events that had strong coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere, the authors applied a principal component analysis to the NCEP/Department of Energy Global Reanalysis 2 (NCEP-2) geopotential height data at 17 pressure levels. Two events (April 2003 and March 2005) that have strong couplings between the stratosphere and troposphere were chosen to investigate the influence of SSW on AIRS midtropospheric CO2. The authors investigated the temporal and spatial variations of AIRS midtropospheric CO2 before and after the SSW events and found that the midtropospheric CO2 concentrations increased by 2–3 ppm within a few days after the SSW events. These results can be used to better understand how the chemical tracers respond to the large-scale dynamics in the high latitudes.

scholarly journals Identification of land cover changes before and after forest and land fires in conservation areas of North Sumatra, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 912 (1) ◽  
pp. 012026
Author(s):  
A S Thoha ◽  
N Sulistiyono ◽  
N Saraswita ◽  
D Wiranata ◽  
S M Sirait ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Land Cover Changes ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Field Verification ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Wildlife Reserve ◽  
North Sumatra

Abstract Damage to conservation areas in North Sumatra can be mitigated by understanding the pattern of land cover change, which can be performed by detecting hotspots and their temporal and spatial patterns. This study aimed to explore land cover spatially and temporally before and after forest fires in the conservation areas in North Sumatra. Data on the hotspots, satellite imagery, land cover maps, and field verification were used to see the transition of land cover changes before and after forest and land fires. Temporal and spatial analysis was employed to see the trend of land cover changes of the land before and after the fires. Field verification was conducted through observations and interviews related to land cover conditions in the field caused by forest and land fires. This study found three conservation areas with the highest number of hotspots in 2014 in the period 2001-2019, including Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP), Dolok Surungan Wildlife Reserve, and Barumun Wildlife Reserve during the 2001-2019 period. In 2010 and 2014 there were strong indications of a large area of land burning in three conservation areas. The burned land was near the outer boundary of the conservation areas and continued to expand into the areas over time. The area of the non-forest cover was relatively stable between periods prior to the discovery of several hotspots. Changes in forest cover to non-forest have become more widespread after the highest number of hotspots were detected in 2010. Conservation area management and various parties need to prevent the expansion of forest clearing considering the strategic role especially in GNLP as a world heritage.

scholarly journals The influence of tillage on N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes from an intensively managed grazed grassland in Scotland

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.J. Cowan ◽  
P.E. Levy ◽  
D. Famulari ◽  
M. Anderson ◽  
J. Drewer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperate Climate ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Dynamic Chamber ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
N2o Fluxes ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Measurement Period

Abstract. Intensively managed grass production in high rainfall temperate climate zones is a globally important source of N2O. Many of these grasslands are occasionally tilled and can lead to increased N2O emissions. This was investigated by comparing N2O fluxes from two adjacent intensively managed grazed grasslands in Scotland, one of which was tilled. A combination of eddy covariance, high resolution dynamic chamber and static chamber methods greatly improved the temporal and spatial coverage of N2O fluxes before and after the tillage event and is recommended to be followed in future studies. Total cumulative fluxes calculated for the tilled and un-tilled fields over the 175 day measurement period were 2.45 ± 0.27 and 2.08 ± 0.23 kg N2O-N ha−1, respectively. N2O emissions from the tilled field increased significantly for several days immediately after ploughing and remained elevated for approximately two months after the tillage event contributing to an estimated increase in N2O fluxes of 1.08 ± 0.14 kg N2O-N ha−1. Cumulative fluxes calculated over a 28 day period in August after the application of 70 kg-N ha−1 as ammonium nitrate to both fields were estimated at 0.42 ± 0.15 and 0.75 ± 0.14 kg N2O N ha−1 for the tilled and un-tilled fields, respectively. The tillage event appears to have substantially increased N2O fluxes from the tilled grassland field over a two month period; however, this increase may have been fractionally offset by a decrease in emissions after the August fertilisation event.

Proteins of the mammalian mitotic spindle: phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of MAP-4 during mitosis

1991 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.D. Vandre ◽  
V.E. Centonze ◽  
J. Peloquin ◽  
R.M. Tombes ◽  
G.G. Borisy
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Spindle ◽  
Immunoblot Analysis ◽  
Entry And Exit ◽  
Immunofluorescence Analysis ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Microtubule Associated Proteins ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Monospecific Antibodies

The phosphoprotein composition of isolated CHO spindles was analyzed using the MPM-1 and MPM-2 antibodies, which are reactive with a phosphorylated epitope enriched in mitotic cells and present on the centrosome, kinetochores, midbody and fibers of the mitotic spindle. Several high molecular weight phosphorylated spindle proteins were detected on immunoblots, including species of 410 × 10(3) Mr, 350 × 10(3) Mr, a 230–240 X 10(3) Mr doublet, 210 × 10(3) Mr and 120 × 10(3) Mr. The temporal and spatial distribution of the MPM-reactive phosphoproteins was determined by examining spindle structures isolated from cells at various stages of mitosis. The susceptibility of the staining pattern to extraction with salt, a procedure known to remove most microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), was also examined. The phosphorylated 210 × 10(3) Mr species was identified as MAP-4 and localized to the spindle fibers using (1) a polyclonal antibody raised against this species, that reacted with known MAPs, and (2) established MAP-4 antibodies that reacted with the spindle 210 × 10(3) Mr MPM-reactive proteins. The comparative immunoblot and immunofluorescence analysis establishes a cycle of phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of MAP-4 upon entry and exit from mitosis. Regarding the other MPM-reactive proteins, comparative immunofluorescence staining and immunoblot analysis of isolated spindle samples before and after salt extraction indicate that they may be constituents of the centrosome, kinetochores or midbody, but their definitive identification awaits the production of monospecific antibodies.

Temporal and Spatial Variability of Methane Emissions from Texas Open-Lot Beef Cattle Feedyard Pens

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1781-1794
Author(s):  
David B. Parker ◽  
Kenneth D. Casey ◽  
Heidi Maria Waldrip ◽  
Byeng Min ◽  
Bryan L. Woodbury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Ch4 Flux ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

HighlightsOpen-lot beef cattle feedyards are a source of greenhouse gas emissions.Pen surface methane emissions were quantified during the cool and warm seasons.Methane was generated in the lower anaerobic layers of the manure pack.Methane emissions decreased after rainfall due to methane oxidation or blocking of pore space.Pen surface methane emissions accounted for &lt;1% of overall feedyard GHG as CO2eq.Abstract. Texas is one of the top beef-producing states, where annually more than five million beef cattle are finished in large feedyards on earthen-surfaced pens. Manure deposited on open-lot pen surfaces can contribute to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions such as methane (CH4). Two week-long sampling campaigns were conducted in April (cool season) and August (warm season) to quantify CH4 emissions from the feedyard pen surface. Emissions were monitored before and after 12.7 mm simulated rainfall events. Temporal and spatial variabilities in emissions were quantified using automated recirculating flux chambers, a multiplexer system, and a real-time CH4 analyzer. During the cool season, mean CH4 flux was 1.09 (SD ±2.39) and 0.12 (±0.25) g animal-1 d-1 before and after rainfall, respectively. During the warm season, mean CH4 flux was 0.65 (±1.01) and 0.26 (±0.44) g animal-1 d-1 before and after rainfall, respectively. This suggested that CH4 was produced in the lower, anaerobic layer of the manure pack and CH4 emissions were inhibited following rainfall, most likely due to microbial oxidation of CH4 in the upper layers through methanotrophy or from slowing of diffusion by blocking the manure pore space. The overall mean pen surface CH4 flux was 0.53 g animal-1 d-1. This flux accounted for a small percentage (&lt;1%) of the overall estimated feedyard GHG emissions expressed as CO2eq. Thus, efforts to mitigate GHG from open-lot beef cattle feedyards in the Texas Panhandle should focus on sources with higher percentages of overall GHG, such as enteric methane, pen surface nitrous oxide, and nitrous oxide from fertilized cropland. Keywords: Beef cattle, Flux chamber, Greenhouse gas, Manure, Methane, Rainfall.

Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Drought and Flood Considering the Influence of Underlying Surface in Hainan Island, Tropical Areas of China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changqing Ye ◽  
Yi Zou ◽  
Yanhu He ◽  
Youwen Lin ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Underlying Surface ◽  
Hainan Province ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Drought And Flood ◽  
Spatial Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Droughts And Floods ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Flood Prone Areas

Abstract Most studies of temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of droughts and floods analysis were conducted only from the perspective of a single factor (precipitation), while ignoring the impact of the characteristics of the underlying surface on the formation of droughts and floods. Using the daily precipitation data of 88 meteorological stations in Hainan province from 1970 to 2019, the 30m resolution DEM data, land use dataset, etc, the precipitation Z index is used to evaluate the drought and flood levels in Hainan province. The analysis results were revised by underlying surface data to evaluate the spatiotemporal characteristics of the drought and flood area in Hainan province. The drought-prone areas and flood prone areas in Hainan province were divided, and on this basis, the set pair analysis method was used to identify the regions with alternating drought and flood areas in Hainan. The results show that the overall arid area shows an obvious downward trend, while the flood area presents an increasing trend. The drought-prone areas throughout the year are more concentrated in the northeast of Hainan Province, while flood prone areas are mainly distributed in the eastern coastal areas. The regions where drought and flood occur alternately are small but concentrated. The drought and flood prone areas and alternate drought and flood areas before and after the revision by the underlying surface were compared. It can be seen that the overall trend is relatively similar and obvious before and after the revision. The result of drought areas before revision is 20.43 times larger than that after revision. The flood prone areas before revision are 8.50 times larger than that after revision. The alternating drought and flood areas before underlying surface revision in spring and summer are 17.50 times larger than that after revision. Similarly, it is 48.64 times in summer and autumn, and 17.62 times in autumn and winter. Finally, combining climate and underlying surface factors, suggestions are put forward for drought and flood prevention.

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