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2022 ◽  
Vol 328 ◽  
pp. 107864
Author(s):  
Pierre Mallet ◽  
Arnaud Béchet ◽  
Thomas Galewski ◽  
François Mesléard ◽  
Samuel Hilaire ◽  
...  

2022 ◽  
Vol 304 ◽  
pp. 114186
Author(s):  
Łukasz Dylewski ◽  
Marcin Tobolka ◽  
Łukasz Maćkowiak ◽  
Joanna T. Białas ◽  
Weronika Banaszak-Cibicka

Molecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 304
Author(s):  
Ivo Paulo ◽  
Luis Costa ◽  
Abel Rodrigues ◽  
Sofia Orišková ◽  
Sandro Matos ◽  
...  

Liquefaction of biomass delivers a liquid bio-oil with relevant chemical and energetic applications. In this study we coupled it with short rotation coppice (SRC) intensively managed poplar cultivations aimed at biomass production while safeguarding environmental principles of soil quality and biodiversity. We carried out acid-catalyzed liquefaction, at 160 °C and atmospheric pressure, with eight poplar clones from SRC cultivations. The bio-oil yields were high, ranging between 70.7 and 81.5%. Average gains of bio-oil, by comparison of raw biomasses, in elementary carbon and hydrogen and high heating, were 25.6, 67, and 74%, respectively. Loss of oxygen and O/C ratios averaged 38 and 51%, respectively. Amounts of elementary carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen in bio-oil were 65, 26, and 8.7%, and HHV averaged 30.5 MJkg−1. Correlation analysis showed the interrelation between elementary carbon with HHV in bio-oil or with oxygen loss. Overall, from 55 correlations, 21 significant and high correlations among a set of 11 variables were found. Among the most relevant ones, the percentage of elementary carbon presented five significant correlations with the percentage of O (−0.980), percentage of C gain (0.902), percentage of O loss (0.973), HHV gain (0.917), and O/C loss (0.943). The amount of carbon is directly correlated with the amount of oxygen, conversely, the decrease in oxygen content increases the elementary carbon and hydrogen concentration, which leads to an improvement in HHV. HHV gain showed a strong positive dependence on the percentage of C (0.917) and percentage of C gain (0.943), while the elementary oxygen (−0.885) and its percentage of O loss (0.978) adversely affect the HHV gain. Consequently, the O/C loss (0.970) increases the HHV positively. van Krevelen’s analysis indicated that bio-oils are chemically compatible with liquid fossil fuels. FTIR-ATR evidenced the presence of derivatives of depolymerization of lignin and cellulose in raw biomasses in bio-oil. TGA/DTG confirmed the bio-oil burning aptitude by the high average 53% mass loss of volatiles associated with lowered peaking decomposition temperatures by 100 °C than raw biomasses. Overall, this research shows the potential of bio-oil from liquefaction of SRC biomasses for the contribution of renewable energy and chemical deliverables, and thereby, to a greener global economy.


2022 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soham Adla ◽  
Surya Gupta ◽  
Sri Harsha Karumanchi ◽  
Shivam Tripathi ◽  
Markus Disse ◽  
...  

technology adoption through agricultural extension may be a consequence of providing generic information without sufficient adaptation to local conditions. Data-rich paradigms may be disruptive to extension services and can potentially change farmer-advisor interactions. This study fills a gap in pre-existing, generic advisory programs by suggesting an approach to “diagnose” farm-specific agricultural issues quantitatively first in order to facilitate advisors in developing farm-centric advisories. A user-friendly Farm Agricultural Diagnostics (FAD) tool is developed in Microsoft Excel VBA that uses farmer surveys and soil testing to quantify current agricultural performance, classify farms into different performance categories relative to a localized performance target, and visualize farm performance within a user-friendly interface. The advisory diagnostics approach is tested in Kanpur, representative of an intensively managed rural landscape in the Ganga river basin in India. The developed open-source tool is made available online to generate data-based agricultural advisories. During the field testing in Kanpur, the tool identifies 24% farms as nutrient-limited, 34% farms as water-limited, 27% farms with nutrient and water co-limitations, and the remaining farms as satisfactory compared to the localized performance target. It is recommended to design advisories in terms of water and nutrient recommendations which can fulfill the farm needs identified by the tool. The tool will add data-based value to pre-existing demand based advisory services in agricultural extension programs. The primary users of the tools are academic, governmental and non-governmental agencies working in the agricultural sector, whose rigorous scientific research, soil testing capacity, and direct stakeholder engagement, respectively, can be harnessed to generate more data-based and customized advisories, potentially improving farmer uptake of agricultural advisories.


Geoderma ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 403 ◽  
pp. 115212
Author(s):  
Kaiping Huang ◽  
Yongfu Li ◽  
Junguo Hu ◽  
Caixian Tang ◽  
Shaobo Zhang ◽  
...  

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1611
Author(s):  
Yuhui Weng ◽  
Jason Grogan ◽  
Bilawal Cheema ◽  
Jing Tao ◽  
Xiongwei Lou ◽  
...  

Growth differences between key commercial species and between silvicultural intensities (phases) within a species in a region are of great interest to foresters. This study used modeling methods to investigate these differences in east Texas. Datasets collected from loblolly and slash pine plots installed in extensively managed plantations (Phase I) and loblolly pine plots installed in intensively managed plantations (Phase II) were used. Species and silvicultural phase growth differences were determined by comparing their height–age, diameter–age, and height–diameter relationships. Slash and loblolly pine had significantly different parameter estimates for the Chapman and Richards function-based height– and diameter–age models. Slash pine grew faster than loblolly pine, with the superiority in height increasing while that of diameter growth decreased slightly with age. Slash and loblolly pine differed also in all parameter estimates of the exponential function-based height-diameter model. Loblolly pine was taller than the slash for small size (DBH ≤ 18 cm) trees, but thereafter, slash pine outperformed loblolly. While these results may encourage planting slash pine in the region, more studies are needed before definitive conclusions can be made. The differences in the height–age models for loblolly pine Phase I and II plots suggest that intensive management significantly enhanced tree height growth. However, this enhancement did not substantially change the maximum height; instead, trees reached the maximum height younger, thus effectively shortening the rotation age.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qina Yan ◽  
Praveen Kumar

Soil respiration that releases CO2 into the atmosphere roughly balances the net primary productivity and varies widely in space and time. However, predicting its spatial variability, particularly in intensively managed landscapes, is challenging due to a lack of understanding of the roles of soil organic carbon (SOC) redistribution resulting from accelerated soil erosion. Here we simulate the heterotrophic carbon loss (HCL)—defined as microbial decomposition of SOC—with soil transport, SOC surface redistribution, and biogeochemical transformation in an agricultural field. The results show that accelerated soil erosion extends the spatial variation of the HCL, and the mechanical-mixing due to tillage further accentuates the contrast. The peak values of HCL occur in areas where soil transport rates are relatively small. Moreover, HCL has a strong correlation with the SOC redistribution rate rather than the soil transport rate. This work characterizes the roles of soil and SOC transport in restructuring the spatial variability of HCL at high spatio-temporal resolution.


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