scholarly journals Tool Support for Co-Simulation-Based Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 269-282
Author(s):  
Karsten Albers ◽  
Benjamin Bolte ◽  
Max-Arno Meyer ◽  
Axel Terfloth ◽  
Anna Wißdorf
Keyword(s):  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Tool Support ◽  
Tool Integration ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Design Time ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Context Simulation ◽  
General Tool

AbstractThe development of collaborative embedded systems (CESs) requires the validation of their runtime behavior during design time. In this context, simulation-based analysis methods play a key role in the development of such systems. Simulations of CESs tend to become complex. One cause is that CESs work in collaborative system groups (CSGs) within a dynamic context., which is why CESs must be simulated as participants of a CSG. Another cause stems from the fact that CES simulations cover various cyber-physical domains. The models incorporated are often managed by different tools that are specialized for specific simulation disciplines and must be jointly executed in a cosimulation. Besides the methodological aspects, the interoperability of models and tools within such a co-simulation is a major challenge. This chapter focusses on the tool integration aspect of enabling co-simulations. It motivates the need for co-simulation for CES development and describes a general tool architecture. The chapter presents the advantages and limitations of adopting existing standards such as FMI and DCP, as well as best practices for integrating simulation tools and models for CESs and CSGs.

scholarly journals Quality attribute trade-offs in the embedded systems industry: an exploratory case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darius Sas ◽  
Paris Avgeriou
Keyword(s):  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Tool Support ◽  
Exploratory Case Study ◽  
Design Time ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Run Time ◽  
Automated Tools

AbstractThe embedded systems domain has grown exponentially over the past years. The industry is forced by the market to rapidly improve and release new products to beat the competition. Frenetic development rhythms thus shape this domain and give rise to several new challenges for software design and development. One of them is dealing with trade-offs between run-time and design-time quality attributes. To study practices, processes and tools concerning the management of run-time and design-time quality attributes as well as the trade-offs among them from the perspective of embedded systems software engineers. An exploratory case study with two qualitative data collection steps, namely interviews and a focus group, involving six different companies from the embedded systems domain with a total of twenty participants. The interviewed subjects showed a preference for run-time over design-time qualities. Trade-offs between design-time and run-time qualities are very common, but they are often implicit, due to the lack of adequate monitoring tools and practices. Practitioners prefer to deal with trade-offs in the most lightweight way possible, by applying ad-hoc practices, thus avoiding any overhead incurred. Finally, practitioners have elaborated on how they envision the ideal tool support for dealing with trade-offs. Although it is notoriously difficult to deal with trade-offs, constantly monitoring the quality attributes of interest with automated tools is key in making explicit and prudent trade-offs and mitigating the risk of incurring technical debt.

scholarly journals Pairwise likelihood estimation of latent autoregressive count models

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 3278-3293
Author(s):  
Xanthi Pedeli ◽  
Cristiano Varin
Keyword(s):  
Likelihood Function ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Autoregressive Models ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
Pairwise Likelihood ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Likelihood Approach ◽  
Computationally Intensive ◽  
Methodological Aspects

Latent autoregressive models are useful time series models for the analysis of infectious disease data. Evaluation of the likelihood function of latent autoregressive models is intractable and its approximation through simulation-based methods appears as a standard practice. Although simulation methods may make the inferential problem feasible, they are often computationally intensive and the quality of the numerical approximation may be difficult to assess. We consider instead a weighted pairwise likelihood approach and explore several computational and methodological aspects including estimation of robust standard errors and the role of numerical integration. The suggested approach is illustrated using monthly data on invasive meningococcal disease infection in Greece and Italy.

A Neuron Library for Rapid Realization of Artificial Neural Networks on FPGA: A Case Study of Rössler Chaotic System

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 1750015 ◽  
Author(s):  
İsmail Koyuncu ◽  
İbrahim Şahin ◽  
Clay Gloster ◽  
Namık Kemal Sarıtekin
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Activation Functions ◽  
Design Time ◽  
Software Implementations ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Automation Tools

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are implemented in hardware when software implementations are inadequate in terms of performance. Implementing an ANN as hardware without using design automation tools is a time consuming process. On the other hand, this process can be automated using pre-designed neurons. Thus, in this work, several artificial neural cells were designed and implemented to form a library of neurons for rapid realization of ANNs on FPGA-based embedded systems. The library contains a total of 60 different neurons, two-, four- and six-input biased and non-biased, with each having 10 different activation functions. The neurons are highly pipelined and were designed to be connected to each other like Lego pieces. Chip statistics of the neurons showed that depending on the type of the neuron, about 25 selected neurons can be fit in to the smallest Virtex-6 chip and an ANN formed using the neurons can be clocked up to 576.89[Formula: see text]MHz. ANN based Rössler system was constructed to show the effectiveness of using neurons in rapid realization of ANNs on embedded systems. Our experiments with the neurons showed that using these neurons, ANNs can rapidly be implemented as hardware and design time can significantly be reduced.

A framework for applying simulation in construction

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 604-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simaan M AbouRizk ◽  
Dany Hajjar
Keyword(s):  
Visual Object ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Construction Operations ◽  
Construction Firms ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Research Environments ◽  
Process Interaction

Researchers have successfully implemented system simulation concepts for the design and analysis of construction operations over the past two decades. A number of simulation environments have been created mostly following the CYCLONE methodology introduced by Halpin. The successes, however, remain limited to the academic and research environments. Construction companies have yet to demonstrate acceptance of simulation for everyday decision making. In this paper, an approach is presented that will facilitate adoption of simulation by industry. It summarizes five years of close work with a number of construction firms in developing and implementing simulation-based tools at their organizations. The paper also provides an overview of three simulation implementations for an earth moving contractor, an aggregate producer, and a general contractor. The three implementations represent different "world views" of simulation, namely (i) dynamic process interaction, (ii) continuous time-dependent, and (iii) static simulation. The successful implementation of these simulation tools was based on a common visual-object-oriented modeling environment. The successes, failures, and challenges of these implementations are also discussed.Key words: computer modeling, computer simulation, special purpose simulation.

Learning on the Wires: BYOD, Embedded Systems, Wireless Technologies and Cybercrime

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brunella Longo
Keyword(s):  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
It Security ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Wireless Technologies ◽  
Practical Guidance

AbstractThis article aims to identify and define some of the legal issues, the computer misuses and the information misbehaviour associated with IT security that are increasingly a matter for civil litigation, criminal cases and national policy where fighting serious organised crime and cybercrime are concerned. The author, Brunella Longo, investigates this subject, suggests criteria and offers practical guidance for researching the issues. The article also includes references to relevant legislation, normative technical standards and best practices that have emerged as a result of corporate IT developments.

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