Introduction to Part III: Environmental Contaminants, Risk Assessment and Remediation

2021 ◽  
pp. 397-399
Author(s):  
Debashish Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Contaminants

Conventional Risk Assessment of Environmental Contaminants

2015 ◽  
pp. 25-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Amiard ◽  
Claude Amiard-Triquet
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Contaminants

Analysis of risk assessment and risk management processes in the derivation of maximum levels for environmental contaminants in food

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 768-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Schneider ◽  
Inga Ollroge ◽  
Martin Clauberg ◽  
Ulrike Schuhmacher-Wolz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Environmental Contaminants ◽  
Management Processes

scholarly journals Detection and drivers of exposure and effects of pharmaceuticals in higher vertebrates

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1656) ◽  
pp. 20130570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Shore ◽  
Mark A. Taggart ◽  
Judit Smits ◽  
Rafael Mateo ◽  
Ngaio L. Richards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Environmental Contaminants ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Risk Sources

Pharmaceuticals are highly bioactive compounds now known to be widespread environmental contaminants. However, research regarding exposure and possible effects in non-target higher vertebrate wildlife remains scarce. The fate and behaviour of most pharmaceuticals entering our environment via numerous pathways remain poorly characterized, and hence our conception and understanding of the risks posed to wild animals is equally constrained. The recent decimation of Asian vulture populations owing to a pharmaceutical (diclofenac) offers a notable example, because the exposure route (livestock carcasses) and the acute toxicity observed were completely unexpected. This case not only highlights the need for further research, but also the wider requirement for more considered and comprehensive ‘ecopharmacovigilance’. We discuss known and potential high risk sources and pathways in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems where pharmaceutical exposure in higher vertebrate wildlife, principally birds and mammals, may occur. We examine whether approaches taken within existing surveillance schemes (that commonly target established classes of persistent or bioaccumulative contaminants) and the risk assessment approaches currently used for pesticides are relevant to pharmaceuticals, and we highlight where new approaches may be required to assess pharmaceutical-related risk.

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