Track Models

AbstractThe chapter shows how the equations of motion for charged particles in a homogeneous or inhomogeneous magnetic field are solved. Various types of parametrizations are presented, and formulas for track propagation and error propagation are derived. As the effects of the detector material on the trajectory have to be taken into account, the statistical properties of multiple Coulomb scattering, energy loss by ionization, and energy loss by bremsstrahlung are discussed; then it is shown how the effects can be treated in the track reconstruction. As multiple scattering in thin layers and energy loss by bremsstrahlung have distinctive non-Gaussian features, an approximation by normal mixtures is presented.

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Interactions of particles with matter

Particle Detectors ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198858362.003.0003 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 23-88

Author(s):

Hermann Kolanoski ◽

Norbert Wermes

Keyword(s):

Energy Loss ◽

Cross Section ◽

Transition Radiation ◽

Charged Particles ◽

Theoretical Background ◽

Coulomb Scattering ◽

Interaction Processes ◽

Multiple Coulomb Scattering

Particles are sensed through their interactions with matter. To begin with, the chapter introduces the terms cross section and absorption. Then successively the most important interactions that are employed for the detection of the various particle types are discussed: energy loss of charged particles by ionisation and bremsstrahlung, multiple Coulomb scattering of charged particles, interactions of photons and hadrons with matter. The interactions leading to the development of electromagnetic and hadronic showers are treated in more detail in chapter 15 (Calorimeters), while energy loss by Cherenkov and transition radiation are discussed in chapters 11 and 12, respectively. When describing the interaction processes an attempt is made to address the theoretical background in a way that the derivations ought to be comprehensible.

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Treatment of non-Gaussian tails of multiple Coulomb scattering in track fitting with a Gaussian-sum filter

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment ◽

10.1016/j.nima.2005.11.134 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 559 (1) ◽

pp. 158-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Strandlie ◽

J. Wroldsen

Keyword(s):

Coulomb Scattering ◽

Gaussian Sum ◽

Multiple Coulomb Scattering ◽

Non Gaussian

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Study of the performance of prototypes of straw tube tracker by measuring cosmic rays

EPJ Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/epjconf/201919905022 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 199 ◽

pp. 05022

Author(s):

Akshay Malige ◽

Grzegorz Korcyl ◽

Narendra Rathod

Keyword(s):

Cosmic Rays ◽

Energy Loss ◽

Spatial Resolution ◽

Charged Particles ◽

Electromagnetic Calorimeter ◽

Clock Signal ◽

Track Reconstruction ◽

Panda Experiment ◽

Straw Tube ◽

Individual Detector

Straw tube detector developed for the PANDA experiment in [1], will be used for tracking and identifcation of charged particles in the Forward Tracker (FT). The detector read-out will be incorporated in PANDA DAQ running in trigger-less mode by means of Synchronization Of Data Acquisition Network (SODAnet). SODAnet is the protocol used to synchronize individual detector subsystems by providing a common clock signal and timestamps. The reconstruction of events out of many fragments is done with the Burst Building Network. The first tests of such system have been performed with prototypes of FT and ElectroMagnetic Calorimeter modules (EMC) in [1] measuring cosmic rays. Those tests allow to evaluate the detectors as well as the synchronization and processing systems. The reconstruction of particle tracks has been developed and evaluated. The results on the track reconstruction, spatial resolution and energy loss via Time over Threshold (TOT) method is described together with the DAQ performance.

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