Features of Application of Machine-Readable and Algorithmic Language in the Contemporary Budget Law

Methods are described for deriving personal and family histories of birth, marriage, procreation, ill health and death, for large populations, from existing civil registrations of vital events and the routine records of ill health. Computers have been used to group together and »link« the separately derived records pertaining to successive events in the lives of the same individuals and families, rapidly and on a large scale. Most of the records employed are already available as machine readable punchcards and magnetic tapes, for statistical and administrative purposes, and only minor modifications have been made to the manner in which these are produced.As applied to the population of the Canadian province of British Columbia (currently about 2 million people) these methods have already yielded substantial information on the risks of disease: a) in the population, b) in relation to various parental characteristics, and c) as correlated with previous occurrences in the family histories.

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A Structured Method for the Recognition of Complex Historical Tables

History and Computing ◽

10.3366/hac.1997.9.1-3.58 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 9 (1-3) ◽

pp. 58-77

Author(s):

Vitaly Kliatskine ◽

Eugene Shchepin ◽

Gunnar Thorvaldsen ◽

Konstantin Zingerman ◽

Valery Lazarev

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Character Recognition ◽

Optical Character Recognition ◽

Complex Structure ◽

Source Material ◽

Historical Sources ◽

Tax Assessment ◽

Optical Character ◽

Algorithmic Model ◽

Machine Readable

In principle, printed source material should be made machine-readable with systems for Optical Character Recognition, rather than being typed once more. Offthe-shelf commercial OCR programs tend, however, to be inadequate for lists with a complex layout. The tax assessment lists that assess most nineteenth century farms in Norway, constitute one example among a series of valuable sources which can only be interpreted successfully with specially designed OCR software. This paper considers the problems involved in the recognition of material with a complex table structure, outlining a new algorithmic model based on ‘linked hierarchies’. Within the scope of this model, a variety of tables and layouts can be described and recognized. The ‘linked hierarchies’ model has been implemented in the ‘CRIPT’ OCR software system, which successfully reads tables with a complex structure from several different historical sources.

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From the history of the development of electronic dictionaries: foreign and domestic experience

Humanitarian studios: pedagogics, psychology, philosophy ◽

10.31548/hspedagog2020.01.006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 6-12

Author(s):

O. Y. Balalaieva ◽

Keyword(s):

Human Activity ◽

Current Level ◽

Ease Of Use ◽

Advanced Search ◽

Wide Range ◽

Promising Area ◽

History Of ◽

Machine Readable ◽

Everyday Communication ◽

Educational Professional

The purpose of the article is to study the dynamics of electronic dictionaries development abroad and in Ukraine using methods of analysis of scientific sources, comparison, generalization and systematization. Electronic dictionaries have been found to be a relatively new phenomenon in the lexicographic market, evolving from machine-readable dictionaries, exact copies of paper editions to complex digital lexicographic systems with a powerful arsenal of functions over the decades. The stages of development of autonomous and online dictionaries are described. Electronic dictionaries due to the advanced search capabilities, speed, simplicity, ease of use, accessibility and compactness have gained popularity among a wide range of users. Today they are used in many spheres of human activity – scientific, educational, professional, everyday communication. However, the analysis of the current level of development of Ukrainian electronic resources indicates a shortage of electronic dictionaries both common and terminological vocabulary. The lack of electronic dictionaries is due to a number of objective problems, both practical and theoretical, that is why research in the field of domestic computer lexicography is a promising area of further research.

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