scholarly journals Axiomatic Design in Regenerative Urban Climate Adaptation

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-21
Author(s):  
Clarice Bleil de Souza ◽  
Ilya Vladimirovich Dunichkin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Axiomatic Design ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Knowledge Domains ◽  
Design Specifications ◽  
Regenerative Design ◽  
Design Proposal

AbstractThis chapter invokes the urban design community to provide transparency in design decision-making by discussing the role of design specifications and the production of evidence in enabling scrutiny and accountability of design proposals in relation to fulfilling sustainability goals and fighting climate change. It claims that original and verifiable regenerative design solutions emerge from clear design specifications supported by evidence, rather than normative sustainability alone. Evidence is understood as going beyond targets and extended to design specifications which are constantly tested in terms of flexibility and robustness, positively contributing to the ecosystem they are inserted in, once further decomposed towards a more detailed design proposal. Principles from Axiomatic Design are proposed as an approach to develop design specifications for regenerative climate adaptive urban design. This work attempts to illustrate the use of this method to practitioners through an example in which human-centric needs, values and aspirations are transformed into joint urban air pollution and outdoor bioclimatic comfort design requirements to be fulfilled by greenery, a regenerative design parameter common to both knowledge domains at the pedestrian layer of the urban environment.

From vision to action: roadmapping as a strategic method and tool to implement climate change adaptation – the example of the roadmap ‘water sensitive urban design 2020’

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 2251-2259 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. U. Hasse ◽  
D. E. Weingaertner
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Process Support ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Water Sensitive Urban Design

As the central product of the BMBF-KLIMZUG-funded Joint Network and Research Project (JNRP) ‘dynaklim – Dynamic adaptation of regional planning and development processes to the effects of climate change in the Emscher-Lippe region (North Rhine Westphalia, Germany)’, the Roadmap 2020 ‘Regional Climate Adaptation’ has been developed by the various regional stakeholders and institutions containing specific regional scenarios, strategies and adaptation measures applicable throughout the region. This paper presents the method, elements and main results of this regional roadmap process by using the example of the thematic sub-roadmap ‘Water Sensitive Urban Design 2020’. With a focus on the process support tool ‘KlimaFLEX’, one of the main adaptation measures of the WSUD 2020 roadmap, typical challenges for integrated climate change adaptation like scattered knowledge, knowledge gaps and divided responsibilities but also potential solutions and promising chances for urban development and urban water management are discussed. With the roadmap and the related tool, the relevant stakeholders of the Emscher-Lippe region have jointly developed important prerequisites to integrate their knowledge, to clarify vulnerabilities, adaptation goals, responsibilities and interests, and to foresightedly coordinate measures, resources, priorities and schedules for an efficient joint urban planning, well-grounded decision-making in times of continued uncertainties and step-by-step implementation of adaptation measures from now on.

scholarly journals Transnational Support for Urban Climate Adaptation: Emerging Forms of Agency and Dependency

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric K. Chu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Institutional Culture ◽  
External Support ◽  
Political Agency ◽  
Global Marketplace ◽  
Spatial Strategies ◽  
Transnational Actors ◽  
Economic Constraints ◽  
Political Economic

Transnational actors are critical for financing programs and generating awareness around climate change adaptation in cities. However, it is unclear whether transnational support actually enables more authority over adaptation actions and whether outcomes address wide-ranging development needs. In this article, I compare experiences from three cities in India—Surat, Indore, and Bhubaneswar—and link local political agency over adaptation with their supporting transnational funders. I find that adaptation governance involves powers of agency over directing bureaucratic practices, public finance, spatial strategies, and institutional culture. A city’s ability to exert these powers then yields different patterns of adaptation. However, political agency is circumscribed by a combination of historical political economic constraints and emerging transnational resources that promote specific forms of political meaning and procedures. The presence of external support therefore paradoxically constrains the governance autonomy of cities. This opens up new opportunities for development dependency—that is, ones that mirror neoliberal critiques of foreign aid—within the global marketplace for climate finance.

scholarly journals Virtual Instruments for Urban Design Decision-Making Process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Aurel Schnabel ◽  
Shuva Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Virtual Instruments ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Design Decision

No description supplied

scholarly journals Virtual Instruments for Urban Design Decision-Making Process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Aurel Schnabel ◽  
Shuva Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Virtual Instruments ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Design Decision

No description supplied

scholarly journals The motley drivers of heat and cold exposure in 21st century US cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (35) ◽  
pp. 21108-21117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Mark Broadbent ◽  
Eric Scott Krayenhoff ◽  
Matei Georgescu
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Relative Significance ◽  
Metropolitan Regions

We use a suite of decadal-length regional climate simulations to quantify potential changes in population-weighted heat and cold exposure in 47 US metropolitan regions during the 21st century. Our results show that population-weighted exposure to locally defined extreme heat (i.e., “population heat exposure”) would increase by a factor of 12.7–29.5 under a high-intensity greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and urban development pathway. Additionally, end-of-century population cold exposure is projected to rise by a factor of 1.3–2.2, relative to start-of-century population cold exposure. We identify specific metropolitan regions in which population heat exposure would increase most markedly and characterize the relative significance of various drivers responsible for this increase. The largest absolute changes in population heat exposure during the 21st century are projected to occur in major US metropolitan regions like New York City (NY), Los Angeles (CA), Atlanta (GA), and Washington DC. The largest relative changes in population heat exposure (i.e., changes relative to start-of-century) are projected to occur in rapidly growing cities across the US Sunbelt, for example Orlando (FL), Austin (TX), Miami (FL), and Atlanta. The surge in population heat exposure across the Sunbelt is driven by concurrent GHG-induced warming and population growth which, in tandem, could strongly compound population heat exposure. Our simulations provide initial guidance to inform the prioritization of urban climate adaptation measures and policy.

scholarly journals Awareness of urban climate adaptation strategies –an international overview

Urban Climate ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 100705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanda Lenzholzer ◽  
Gerrit-Jan Carsjens ◽  
Robert D. Brown ◽  
Silvia Tavares ◽  
Jennifer Vanos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Adaptation Strategies

Water sensitive urban design retrofits in Copenhagen – 40% to the sewer, 60% to the city

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 1945-1952 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Fryd ◽  
A. Backhaus ◽  
H. Birch ◽  
C. F. Fratini ◽  
S. T. Ingvertsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Environmental Chemistry ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Public Parks ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Water Utility ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Water Sensitive Urban Design ◽  
The City

Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) is emerging in Denmark. This interdisciplinary desk study investigated the options for WSUD retrofitting in a 15 km2 combined sewer catchment area in Copenhagen. The study was developed in collaboration with the City of Copenhagen and its water utility, and involved researchers representing hydrogeology, sewer hydraulics, environmental chemistry/economics/engineering, landscape architecture and urban planning. The resulting catchment strategy suggests the implementation of five sub-strategies. First, disconnection is focused within sites that are relatively easy to disconnect, due to stormwater quality, soil conditions, stakeholder issues, and the provision of unbuilt sites. Second, stormwater runoff is infiltrated in areas with relatively deep groundwater levels at a ratio that doesn't create a critical rise in the groundwater table to the surface. Third, neighbourhoods located near low-lying streams and public parks are disconnected from the sewer system and the sloping terrain is utilised to convey runoff. Fourth, the promotion of coherent blue and green wedges in the city is linked with WSUD retrofits and urban climate-proofing. Fifth, WSUD is implemented with delayed and regulated overflows to the sewer system. The results are partially adopted by the City of Copenhagen and currently under pilot testing.

scholarly journals Urban Ecosystem-Level Biomimicry and Regenerative Design: Linking Ecosystem Functioning and Urban Built Environments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Blanco ◽  
Maibritt Pedersen Zari ◽  
Kalina Raskin ◽  
Philippe Clergeau
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Ecosystem Level ◽  
Regenerative Design

By 2050, 68% of the world’s population will likely live in cities. Human settlements depend on resources, benefits, and services from ecosystems, but they also tend to deplete ecosystem health. To address this situation, a new urban design and planning approach is emerging. Based on regenerative design, ecosystem-level biomimicry, and ecosystem services theories, it proposes designing projects that reconnect urban space to natural ecosystems and regenerate whole socio-ecosystems, contributing to ecosystem health and ecosystem services production. In this paper, we review ecosystems as models for urban design and review recent research on ecosystem services production. We also examine two illustrative case studies using this approach: Lavasa Hill in India and Lloyd Crossing in the U.S.A. With increasing conceptualisation and application, we argue that the approach contributes positive impacts to socio-ecosystems and enables scale jumping of regenerative practices at the urban scale. However, ecosystem-level biomimicry practices in urban design to create regenerative impact still lack crucial integrated knowledge on ecosystem functioning and ecosystem services productions, making it less effective than potentially it could be. We identify crucial gaps in knowledge where further research is needed and pose further relevant research questions to make ecosystem-level biomimicry approaches aiming for regenerative impact more effective.

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