Volcanic Eruptions on Mars, Lava Flow Morphology, and Thermodynamics

Volcano eruptions undoubtly cause environmental impacts and damages. After the eruption, there will be vast barren land that was previously fertile ground covered by vegetation and tree line. Lava from an eruption will flow to the land via a river stream, destroying everything in its path, including vegetation. While the ecosystem actually has an ability to recover. The natural process of ecosystem recovery is related to the succession of vegetation. Then this study aims to assess and model how the ecosystem can recover and how the vegetation can respond to the damage caused by Semeru, one of the most powerful volcanic eruptions on Java island. The study areas were 2 regions that had been impacted by the Semeru lava flow for the period of 2004–2021. Based on the results, the ecosystem recovery of Semeru post-eruption was achieved within 5 years. During this time, the vegetation succession rate, as measured by vegetation cover, increased nearly ten folds. The post-eruption ecosystem recovery was indicated by the ecosystem transformation from a damaged ecosystem indicated by a lava-dominated surface to one with the presence of vegetation and hardened lava. The recovered ecosystem in Semeru's posteruption was composed of solid lava covers (39%), liquid lava (34%), and vegetation covers (27%).Then, the presence of vegetation and its succession rate can be used as a proxy of ecosystem recovery after a vast volcanic eruption.

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Volatiles in basaltic glasses from the East Pacific Rise at 21°N: implications for MORB sources and submarine lava flow morphology

Earth and Planetary Science Letters ◽

10.1016/0012-821x(86)90035-x ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 79 (1-2) ◽

pp. 9-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Charles D. Byers ◽

Michael O. Garcia ◽

David W. Muenow

Keyword(s):

Lava Flow ◽

East Pacific Rise ◽

East Pacific ◽

Submarine Lava ◽

Flow Morphology

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I.—A Remarkable Rock Stream in East Iceland

Geological Magazine ◽

10.1017/s0016756800140038 ◽

1917 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 97-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Leonard Hawkes

Keyword(s):

Lava Flow ◽

Volcanic Eruptions ◽

Compact Mass ◽

Peculiar Character ◽

Unusual Type

In his account of the volcanoes of Iceland, Thoroddsen describes two types of acid lavas which have been extruded in post-Glacial, prehistoric times. First are the lavas of the Torfajökull district, of the usual nature of acid flows, building up a compact mass of bluish-grey rock with an outer casing of obsidian and pumice. These lavas have been poured out in the post-Tertiary country, but the second type of stream is found most frequently in the older parts of the island, which otherwise have witnessed no volcanic eruptions since Tertiary times. This type of flow results from eruptions of a peculiar character in which “vast outflows of halfmelted and unmelted masses of liparite, poured out from cauldronshaped depressions, stretch down into the lowlands” (1, p. 503). The best example of these “Liparitische Bloekströme” occurs in the Lodmundarfjord district, E. Iceland, and is especially described by Thoroddsen (2, pp. 159–161). In this paper the contention is put forward that the Lodmundarfjord blockstream is not a lava-flow but an unusual type of glacial moraine.

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High-resolution bathymetric surveys using scanning sonars: Lava flow morphology, hydrothermal vents, and geologic structure at recent eruption sites on the Juan de Fuca Ridge

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres ◽

10.1029/2001jb000297 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 106 (B8) ◽

pp. 16075-16099 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

William W. Chadwick ◽

Daniel S. Scheirer ◽

Robert W. Embley ◽

H. Paul Johnson

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Lava Flow ◽

Hydrothermal Vents ◽

Juan De Fuca Ridge ◽

Geologic Structure ◽

Fuca Ridge ◽

Juan De Fuca ◽

Flow Morphology ◽

Recent Eruption

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New Insights of Geomorphologic and Lithologic Features on Wudalianchi Volcanoes in the Northeastern China from the ASTER Multispectral Data

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs11222663 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (22) ◽

pp. 2663 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Han Fu ◽

Bihong Fu ◽

Yoshiki Ninomiya ◽

Pilong Shi

Keyword(s):

Lava Flow ◽

Thermal Emission ◽

Imaging System ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Volcanic Eruptions ◽

Northeastern China ◽

Fault System ◽

Flow Index ◽

Multispectral Data ◽

Relative Dating

Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) imaging system onboard NASA’s (National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s) Terra satellite is capable of measuring multispectral reflectance of the earth’s surface targets in visible and infrared (VNIR) to shortwave infrared (SWIR) (until 2006) as well as multispectral thermal infrared (TIR) regions. ASTER VNIR stereo imaging technique can provide high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) data. The DEMs data, three-dimensional (3D) perspective, and ratio images produced from the ASTER multispectral data are employed to analyze the geomorphologic and lithologic features of Wudalianchi volcanoes in the northeastern China. Our results indicate that the 14 major conical volcanic craters of Wudalianchi volcanoes are arranged as three sub-parallel zones, extending in a NE (Northeast) direction, which is similar to the direction of regional fault system based on the ASTER DEMs data. Among the 14 volcanic craters in Wudalianchi, the Laoheishan, and Huoshaoshan lavas flows, after the historic eruptions, pouring down from the crater, partially blocked the Baihe River, which forms the Five Large Connected Pools, known as the Wudalianchi Lake. Lithologic mapping shows that ASTER multispectral ratio imagery, particularly, the Lava Flow Index (LFI) (LFI = B10/B12) imagery, can clearly distinguish different lava flow units, and at least four stages of volcanic eruptions are revealed in the Wudalianchi Quaternary volcano cluster. Thus, ASTER multispectral TIR data can be used to determine relative dating of Quaternary volcanoes in the semi-arid region. Moreover, ASTER 3D perspective image can present an excellent view for tracking the flow directions of different lavas of Wudalianchi Holocene volcanoes.

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