Decadal Modeling (2004-2021) Ecosystem Recovery Impacted by Mount Semeru Eruption Volcanic Activities using Vegetation Succession as a Proxy in the Lava Flow Stream

Volcano eruptions undoubtly cause environmental impacts and damages. After the eruption, there will be vast barren land that was previously fertile ground covered by vegetation and tree line. Lava from an eruption will flow to the land via a river stream, destroying everything in its path, including vegetation. While the ecosystem actually has an ability to recover. The natural process of ecosystem recovery is related to the succession of vegetation. Then this study aims to assess and model how the ecosystem can recover and how the vegetation can respond to the damage caused by Semeru, one of the most powerful volcanic eruptions on Java island. The study areas were 2 regions that had been impacted by the Semeru lava flow for the period of 2004–2021. Based on the results, the ecosystem recovery of Semeru post-eruption was achieved within 5 years. During this time, the vegetation succession rate, as measured by vegetation cover, increased nearly ten folds. The post-eruption ecosystem recovery was indicated by the ecosystem transformation from a damaged ecosystem indicated by a lava-dominated surface to one with the presence of vegetation and hardened lava. The recovered ecosystem in Semeru's posteruption was composed of solid lava covers (39%), liquid lava (34%), and vegetation covers (27%).Then, the presence of vegetation and its succession rate can be used as a proxy of ecosystem recovery after a vast volcanic eruption.

REDESIGNING THE ROLES OF TUBERCULOSIS TREATMENT SUPPORTER IN INDONESIA

Background: Indonesia is the third-highest rank country for tuberculosis. Many studies already compared the effectiveness of the Directly Observed Treatment-Short (DOTS) course with self-administered therapy (SAT) in tuberculosis treatment and pointed out that DOTS did not improve the succession rate (SR) significantly. The participation of a tuberculosis treatment supporter that has an important rule in the DOTS strategy to improve the patients’ adherence in taking treatment should be reviewed.Aims: The study aims to analyze the determination of environmental factors in the effectiveness of tuberculosis treatment which can lead to the program improvement issue.Method: This research was a cross-sectional study conducted by involving 55 of 121 tuberculosis patients. The sampling frame was tuberculosis patients who were reported under the first and third quarters in Primary Healthcare Center of Tanah Kalikedinding as it had failed to reach the succession rate during 2012-2015.Results: These findings indicated that the social environment of tuberculosis patients significantly contributed to their adherence to taking medicine. It showed that tuberculosis treatment supporters had an essential role in maintaining the patients’ adherence. Tuberculosis treatment supporters who lived in one roof with the patient tended to get 2.265 times risk to be contagious. This study also pointed out that the physical environment had the highest determination in the success rate of treatment.Conclusion: Modifying the physical environment of tuberculosis patients can be the greater alternative program to fight tuberculosis rather than the tuberculosis treatment supporters. Tuberculosis treatment supporters must be provided with universal protection due to their high-risk position to be contagious.Keywords: treatment adherence, DOTS, patient environment, treatment effectiveness.

FC13-07 - The review of relapse after discontinuation of naltrexone

IntroductionIn recent years, both abstinence- and harm-reduction strategies for managing opium dependency are being generalized. In those who use detoxification, maintenance therapy with Naltrexone, an opioid antagonist protects them against relapse. This is important to know the best time of Naltrexone discontinuation to lower the risk of relapse.ObjectionThis study tried to determine the efficacy of Naltrexone in prevention of opioid relapse and the factors interfere to the outcome.Material and method150 opium addicts who were admitted in Kermanshah Rehabilitation Centre for Naltrexone maintenance therapy contributed in this 18 month length study. They received Naltrexone for 6 months and followed then after for another 12 months. Opium test (TLC) were done monthly in the first 6 months, and then in 3 month intervals for 12 subsequent months to find out the relapse.Results1)The relapse rates were 56.7%(85) after 6-month, and 4.7%(7)after one-year.2)The succession rate was 38.6%(58).3)The lowest succession rate was in 18–25 year old, The highest was in 35–40 year old adults(10).4)In person with diploma and higher the succession rate(43.8%) was higher than poor educated(34.7%) ones.5)The succession rate was higher in those who: were employee(72.7%), were addicted to heroin(44.9%), didn’t have positive family history(41.3%), and had more incomes(46.7%).Discussion1)In those who the relapse is delayed until 9 months after detoxification, the chance of long term abstinence is higher.2)The employees and those who have more social disciplines are more successful in ceasing opium abuse.