Existence of closed characteristics

Based on the company cases published in China over the past ten years, both theoretical methods and Artificial intelligence technologies were applied to analysis cases data on the effectiveness of clauses restricting equity transfer in articles of association of limited liability companies (LLCs). With its unique characters based on shareholders and strong vitality, limited liability company (LLC), as the “evergreen tree” among the market players, is a company form adopted by many investors. Nevertheless, due to its prominent closed characteristics, equity transfer has become a bottleneck for the development of LLCs. According to this paper, it is necessary to distinguish between the effectiveness of clauses restricting internal and external equity transfer in articles of association of LLCs. Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP) is utilized for which involves process of analytic hierarchy modelled with utilizing theory of fuzzy logic. Moreover, instead of being confined to the existing legal norms, the judgment standard of clauses restricting equity transfer in articles of association of LLCs should be comprehensively measured by the golden rules, i.e. “fairness”, “autonomy” and “operability”.

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Characteristics of Organizational Climate and Managerial Job Satisfaction: An Empirical Study

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1975.37.1.299 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 299-305 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Theodore M. Schwartz ◽

Donald R. Moscato ◽

H. Jack Shapiro

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Empirical Study ◽

Organizational Climate ◽

Behavioral Science ◽

Strong Preference ◽

Demographic Information ◽

Closed Characteristics ◽

The Impact

This study investigated the impact of perceived organizational climate on managerial job satisfaction of 114 managerial personnel who completed a three-part questionnaire which solicited demographic information and the identification of and preferences for specific characteristics of organizational climate. The surveyed personnel had a strong preference for open as opposed to closed characteristics of organizational climate; to the degree they claimed to be familiar with the behavioral science theories of management there is an increasingly favorable disposition toward the theories; and among those Ss who perceived closed characteristics, there was a desire for a diminution of the impact of those characteristics.

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Non-hyperbolic P-Invariant Closed Characteristics on Partially Symmetric Compact Convex Hypersurfaces

Advanced Nonlinear Studies ◽

10.1515/ans-2017-6050 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 763-774

Author(s):

Hui Liu ◽

Gaosheng Zhu

Keyword(s):

Compact Convex ◽

Convex Hypersurface ◽

Closed Characteristics ◽

Compact Convex Hypersurfaces ◽

Partially Symmetric ◽

Convex Hypersurfaces

AbstractLet {n\geq 2} be an integer, {P=\mathrm{diag}(-I_{n-\kappa},I_{\kappa},-I_{n-\kappa},I_{\kappa})} for some integer {\kappa\in[0,n]}, and let {\Sigma\subset{\mathbb{R}}^{2n}} be a partially symmetric compact convex hypersurface, i.e., {x\in\Sigma} implies {Px\in\Sigma}, and {(r,R)}-pinched. In this paper, we prove that when {{R/r}<\sqrt{5/3}} and {0\leq\kappa\leq[\frac{n-1}{2}]}, there exist at least {E(\frac{n-2\kappa-1}{2})+E(\frac{n-2\kappa-1}{3})} non-hyperbolic P-invariant closed characteristics on Σ. In addition, when {{R/r}<\sqrt{3/2}}, {[\frac{n+1}{2}]\leq\kappa\leq n} and Σ carries exactly nP-invariant closed characteristics, then there exist at least {2E(\frac{2\kappa-n-1}{4})+E(\frac{n-\kappa-1}{3})} non-hyperbolic P-invariant closed characteristics on Σ, where the function {E(a)} is defined as {E(a)=\min{\{k\in{\mathbb{Z}}\mid k\geq a\}}} for any {a\in\mathbb{R}}.

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