The Use of Screening for the Control of an Endemic Disease

1998 ◽  
pp. 291-300
Author(s):  
Georg Leitmann
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Disease

PARKINSONISM-DEMENTIA COMPLEX, AN ENDEMIC DISEASE ON THE ISLAND OF GUAM

Brain ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 662-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
ASAO HIRANO ◽  
NATHAN MALAMUD ◽  
LEONARD T. KURLAND
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Disease

Endemic disease

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-29
Author(s):  
Yegor Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Disease

scholarly journals Active and Passive Intranasal Immunizations with Streptococcal Surface Protein C5a Peptidase Prevent Infection of Murine Nasal Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue, a Functional Homologue of Human Tonsils

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 7878-7886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hae-Sun Park ◽  
P. Patrick Cleary
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Streptococcal Infection ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Intranasal Immunization ◽  
Endemic Disease ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACT C5a peptidase, also called SCPA (surface-bound C5a peptidase), is a surface-bound protein on group A streptococci (GAS), etiologic agents for a variety of human diseases including pharyngitis, impetigo, toxic shock, and necrotizing fasciitis, as well as the postinfection sequelae rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. This protein is highly conserved among different serotypes and is also expressed in human isolates of group B, C, and G streptococci. Human tonsils are the primary reservoirs for GAS, maintaining endemic disease across the globe. We recently reported that GAS preferentially target nasal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) in mice, a tissue functionally analogous to human tonsils. Experiments using a C5a peptidase loss-of-function mutant and an intranasal infection model showed that this protease is required for efficient colonization of NALT. An effective vaccine should prevent infection of this secondary lymphoid tissue; therefore, the potential of anti-SCPA antibodies to protect against streptococcal infection of NALT was investigated. Experiments showed that GAS colonization of NALT was significantly reduced following intranasal immunization of mice with recombinant SCPA protein administered alone or with cholera toxin, whereas a high degree of GAS colonization of NALT was observed in control mice immunized with phosphate-buffered saline only. Moreover, administration of anti-SCPA serum by the intranasal route protected mice against streptococcal infection. These results suggest that intranasal immunization with SCPA would prevent colonization and infection of human tonsils, thereby eliminating potential reservoirs that maintain endemic disease.

scholarly journals The Global Emergence of Human Babesiosis

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1447
Author(s):  
Abhinav Kumar ◽  
Jane O'Bryan ◽  
Peter J. Krause
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Babesia Species ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Endemic Disease ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Human Babesiosis

Babesiosis is an emerging tick-borne disease caused by intraerythrocytic protozoa that are primarily transmitted by hard-bodied (Ixodid) ticks and rarely through blood transfusion, perinatally, and organ transplantation. More than 100 Babesia species infect a wide spectrum of wild and domestic animals worldwide and six have been identified as human pathogens. Babesia microti is the predominant species that infects humans, is found throughout the world, and causes endemic disease in the United States and China. Babesia venatorum and Babesia crassa-like agent also cause endemic disease in China. Babesia divergens is the predominant species in Europe where fulminant cases have been reported sporadically. The number of B. microti infections has been increasing globally in recent decades. In the United States, more than 2000 cases are reported each year, although the actual number is thought to be much higher. In this review of the epidemiology of human babesiosis, we discuss epidemiologic tools used to monitor disease location and frequency; demographics and modes of transmission; the location of human babesiosis; the causative Babesia species in the Americas, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia; the primary clinical characteristics associated with each of these infections; and the increasing global health burden of this disease.

scholarly journals Community outbreak of hepatitis A in southern Italy – Campania, January-May 2004

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Boccia
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Annual Incidence Rate ◽  
Total Rate ◽  
Endemic Disease

Campania, a region in southern Italy, is one of the 20 political regions in Italy. Hepatitis A (HAV) is an endemic disease here, with an annual incidence rate often twice as high as the total rate for the rest of Italy

scholarly journals Paratyphoid C, an Endemic Disease in British Guiana

1929 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Giglioli
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Fever ◽  
British Guiana ◽  
Endemic Disease

From 72 cases of pyrexial illness, occurring in British Guiana, an organism has been isolated which has the cultural and serological reactions of B. para-typhosus C (Hirschfeld). It seems probable that enteric fever, due to infection with this organism, is now endemic in the Colony, and is an important cause of sickness and death.

THE EPIDEMIOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY OF STREPTOCOCCAL PYODERMA: AN ENDEMIC DISEASE OF THE RURAL SOUTHERN UNITED STATES1

1976 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
KENRAD E. NELSON ◽  
ALAN L. BISNO ◽  
PAUL WAYTZ ◽  
JOEL BRUNT ◽  
VIJAI K. MOSES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Endemic Disease ◽  
History Of
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